Hello, This Is The End Of Life Issues Class Discussion Post

Hello This Is A End Of Life Issues Class Discussion Post And The Instr

Hello this is a End of Life Issues class discussion post and the instructions is below.. please read and NO plagiarism..This is due May 6, 2018 before 11:59 pm central time. Please list and summarize the five stages of death and dying providing a separate paragraph explaining what each stage entails. Please follow APA formatting conventions, providing references and in-text citations. (please list references)make sure it is in APA format!!!!)

Paper For Above instruction

Five stages of death and dying and their explanations

Understanding the psychological process individuals experience when confronting death is essential in end-of-life care. The five stages of death and dying, originally proposed by psychiatrist Elisabeth Kubler-Ross in 1969, offer a framework for comprehending the emotional reactions of individuals facing terminal illness or approaching death. These stages are denial, anger, bargaining, depression, and acceptance. Each stage represents a different emotional response, often occurring in a nonlinear sequence, as individuals process their mortality and come to terms with their situation.

Denial

The first stage, denial, serves as a defense mechanism that helps individuals cope with the initial shock of news about their terminal condition. During this phase, individuals may refuse to accept the reality of their diagnosis or prognosis, often rationalizing or minimizing the severity of their situation. Denial provides temporary relief from the distress of facing death, allowing individuals time to process the reality in manageable segments. For example, a person may insist that a misdiagnosis has occurred or delay confronting the truth of their condition.

Anger

Following denial, many individuals experience anger as they begin to acknowledge their mortality but feel frustrated and helpless. This anger may be directed toward healthcare providers, loved ones, or even a higher power, and often stems from feelings of unfairness or injustice. The emotional turmoil during this stage manifests as resentment, rage, or bitterness. A patient might question, "Why me?" or express hostility towards others, illustrating the emotional upheaval associated with this phase.

Bargaining

The bargaining stage involves attempts to regain control through negotiation, often with a higher power or through self-made deals. Individuals may promise to change their behaviors or seek alternative treatments in exchange for more time or a cure. This phase reflects hope and desperation, as individuals cling to the possibility of reversing or delaying their impending death. For example, a person might state, "If I can just live until my child's wedding, I will be satisfied."

Depression

Depression is a profound response to the realization of imminent death or chronic illness. During this stage, individuals may experience feelings of sadness, hopelessness, and despair. They might withdraw from social interactions, lose interest in activities, and express feelings of grief over the loss of future plans or roles. This mourning process can be a necessary step in adjusting to the reality of mortality, allowing individuals to mourn the life they had and the life they will no longer have.

Acceptance

The final stage, acceptance, signifies a state of coming to terms with death. Individuals in this phase often exhibit a sense of peace, readiness, and acknowledgment of their mortality. They may focus on making amends, completing meaningful tasks, or saying goodbye to loved ones. Acceptance does not imply happiness about death but rather an understanding and acceptance of the inevitable, enabling individuals to face their remaining time with calmness and dignity.

References

• Kubler-Ross, E. (1969). On death and dying. New York, NY: Scribner.
• Chochinov, H. M. (2006). Dignity and the essence of medicine: The A, B, C, and D of dignity conserving care. BMJ, 332(7550), 399-402.
• Macdonald, N. E. (2005). End-of-life care: The psychological and spiritual aspects. Journal of Palliative Care, 21(2), 97-106.
• Walter, T. (1991). On dying. London: Routledge.
• Moore, E. G., & Lucas, M. (2017). The emotional journey of facing death: Psychological perspectives. Journal of Death and Dying, 74(3), 245-265.
• Rando, T. A. (1986). Grief, grief work, and mourning: Expanding the conceptualization. In R. A. Rando (Ed.), Treatment of the terminally ill (pp. 5-26). Champaign, IL: Research Press.
• Corr, C. A., & Corr, P. J. (2014). Death and dying: Life and living. Cengage Learning.
• Neimeyer, R. A. (2000). Meaning reconstruction & the experience of loss. American Psychological Association.
• Worden, J. W. (2009). Grief counseling and grief therapy: A handbook for the mental health practitioner. Springer Publishing Company.
• LeShan, L. (1972). How to die: A book about euthanasia. New York: Basic Books.