Homework E: Due Friday, March 28, 2014 At Conference

Homework E: Due Friday, March 28, 2014 at conference

Describe the core physics problems related to the Hall effect, magnetic field calculations, and the behavior of coaxial conductors as outlined in the provided assignment. Provide detailed derivations, explanations, and calculations, including sketches, formulas, and reasoning for each step, ensuring clarity of vector and scalar quantities, and citing relevant physical laws and principles.

Paper For Above instruction

The assignment involves analyzing three classical electromagnetism problems: the Hall effect, magnetic field in Helmholtz coils, and the magnetic field in a coaxial conductor. Each problem requires application of fundamental physics laws, derivation of formulas, and quantitative calculations, with clear explanations and visual representations.

Understanding the Hall Effect

Hall's experiment involves applying a magnetic field to a current-carrying conductor and measuring the resulting Hall voltage. The core physics principle at play is the Lorentz force on moving charges within the conductor, which results in charge separation and an associated electric field perpendicular to the current and magnetic field. In the context provided, the material's charge carriers have density n, charge q, and mass m.

For negative charge carriers, such as electrons, the drift velocity vector v points opposite to the electric field direction created by the Hall voltage. The positive Hall voltage appears on the side of the conductor where electrons accumulate, typically on the side opposite to the direction of the electron drift, confirming the negative sign of q.

The Hall coefficient, R_H, relates the measured Hall voltage and applied parameters. It is derived from fundamental relations involving current density, the electric field, and the charge carrier properties. Using the relation J = nqv and the formulae v = E / B and I = J t A (where t is the thickness, and A the cross-sectional area), one can derive R_H = 1 / nq.

The numerical calculation with given values (carrier concentration, charge, current, thickness, magnetic field) demonstrates how to compute the Hall voltage using the provided relation V_H = R_H (IB) / t. This involves substituting numerical values carefully and converting units where necessary.

Magnetic Field in Helmholtz Coils

The Helmholtz coil principle involves two identical circular coils separated by a distance equal to their radius. Using Biot-Savart law, the magnetic field at a point along the axis is derived by integrating the contributions of each current element. The symmetry simplifies the integral, leading to a standard formula for the magnetic field as a function of axial displacement x.

The derived expression considers the position relative to the midpoint, taking into account the geometry: the distance from the coil center impacts the magnitude of the field. Calculations for x=0 and x=±R/2 provide specific numerical field strengths, which can be plotted to visualize how the field varies along the axis.

Magnetic Field in a Coaxial Conductor

Applying Ampere’s law to a coaxial cable with currents in opposite directions involves considering concentric cylindrical geometries. The magnetic field within the inner conductor, between the conductors, and outside the outer conductor depends on the enclosed current. The result reveals a characteristic field pattern with linear, constant, and decreasing sections as a function of displacement from the axis.

The Lorentz forces acting on charges along the conductor’s circumference are directed based on the right-hand rule, dependent on current direction and magnetic field orientation. The sketches help visualize the force directions for various points, which are crucial for understanding the electromagnetic behavior of the coaxial system.

Conclusion

The three problems exemplify fundamental electromagnetic concepts—charge carrier dynamics, magnetic field derivations, and force interactions—requiring careful mathematical reasoning, physical insights, and illustrative sketches. Understanding these principles provides a foundation for analyzing real-world electromagnetic systems in laboratory and engineering contexts.

References

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