How Is Tuberculosis Treated? What Is Cipro Used For ✓ Solved

How is Tuberculosis treated? 2. What is Cipro used to

1. How is Tuberculosis treated?

2. What is Cipro used to treat? What are the adverse effects? What are the contraindications? What are the medication interactions?

3. Which medication is the first choice in treating C-Difficile infection?

4. What are the adverse effects of amphoterocin B? What monitoring would need to be done while on this medication? How is an amphoterocin B infusion reaction treated?

5. What is acyclovir used to treat? What are the adverse effects?

6. Name two antiviral medications used to treat CMV. What are the differences between these two drugs?

7. What are the 5 types of HIV medications?

8. What are some nursing concerns for the patient on protease inhibitors?

9. What medication is used to treat Syphilis?

10. What is the most important thing that healthcare workers can do to help reduce the spread of infection?

Paper For Above Instructions

Tuberculosis (TB) is a contagious and potentially lethal disease caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The treatment of TB typically involves a combination of antibiotics over an extended period, usually six to nine months, depending on the form and severity of the disease. The most common first-line drugs for treating TB include isoniazid, rifampicin, ethambutol, and pyrazinamide. When treating TB, compliance with the full course of therapy is critical to prevent the development of drug-resistant strains (World Health Organization, 2021).

Ciprofloxacin, commonly known as Cipro, is a broad-spectrum antibiotic belonging to the fluoroquinolone class, primarily used to treat bacterial infections such as urinary tract infections, respiratory tract infections, and certain types of gastroenteritis. Adverse effects of Cipro can include gastrointestinal disturbances, central nervous system effects such as dizziness, and musculoskeletal problems, particularly in younger patients (U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 2021). Contraindications for its use include a history of tendon disorders related to fluoroquinolone use and concurrent use of certain drugs that can prolong the QT interval, increasing the risk of arrhythmias (Nicolau et al., 2019). Potential medication interactions can occur with drugs like antacids and certain antidiabetic medications that may affect the absorption and efficacy of ciprofloxacin (Preskorn, 2020).

The first-line medication for treating Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) is typically vancomycin, administered either orally or via a nasogastric tube in severe cases where oral administration is not feasible. Metronidazole may be administered as an alternative for mild to moderate cases (American College of Gastroenterology, 2021).

Amphotericin B is an antifungal agent widely used to treat systemic fungal infections. Adverse effects of amphotericin B include renal toxicity, electrolyte imbalances, and infusion-related reactions such as fever, chills, and hypotension. Monitoring parameters while on this medication should include renal function tests, electrolytes, and overall patient clinical status. Management of infusion reactions includes the use of premedications such as acetaminophen, antihistamines, or corticosteroids (Pappas et al., 2018).

Acyclovir is an antiviral medication used primarily to manage infections caused by certain types of viruses, including herpes simplex virus (HSV) and varicella-zoster virus (VZV). Adverse effects can include nausea, diarrhea, headache, and in some cases, neurotoxicity particularly in cases of rapid intravenous infusion (Buchanan et al., 2019).

Two antiviral medications used for the treatment of cytomegalovirus (CMV) are ganciclovir and foscarnet. Ganciclovir is primarily indicated for CMV retinitis in immunocompromised patients, while foscarnet may be used in cases where ganciclovir resistance is suspected. The key differences between these drugs include the mechanism of action (ganciclovir is a nucleoside analog, whereas foscarnet is a pyrophosphate analog) and side effect profiles (foscarnet is more likely to cause nephrotoxicity) (Staras et al., 2018).

There are five main classes of HIV medications: nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs), non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs), protease inhibitors (PIs), integrase strand transfer inhibitors (INSTIs), and entry inhibitors (blockers of HIV entry into host cells). Each class has a unique mechanism of action and varied side effects (Mendelsohn et al., 2020).

Nursing concerns for patients on protease inhibitors often center around metabolic issues, such as hyperlipidemia and insulin resistance, as well as potential drug-drug interactions and adherence to the medication regimen (Duan et al., 2020).

The primary medication used to treat syphilis is benzathine penicillin G. This drug provides optimal efficacy against the Treponema pallidum bacterium responsible for syphilis (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2021).

To reduce the spread of infection, healthcare workers must adhere to strict infection control protocols, including regular hand washing, use of personal protective equipment (PPE), and vaccination when applicable. Education on infection prevention and control, not only for healthcare workers but also for patients and their families, plays a crucial role in minimizing transmission (World Health Organization, 2022).

References

• American College of Gastroenterology. (2021). Treatment of Clostridioides difficile infection. Retrieved from https://gi.org
• Buchanan, A. R., et al. (2019). Acyclovir: A review of its pharmacology and clinical management. Clinical Pharmacokinetics, 58(4), 457-476.
• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2021). Syphilis Treatment Guidelines. Retrieved from https://www.cdc.gov/std/syphilis/guidelines.htm
• Duan, Y., et al. (2020). Nursing implications for protease inhibitors in HIV. Journal of Nursing Care Quality, 35(2), 109-115.
• Mendelsohn, A. B., et al. (2020). An overview of HIV medications and their mechanisms. Journal of HIV & AIDS, 5(3), 107-112.
• Nicolau, D. P., et al. (2019). The role of ciprofloxacin in treating infections: A review. Drugs, 79(15), 1605-1622.
• Pappas, P. G., et al. (2018). The role of amphotericin B in fungal infections. Inside Infection, 4(2), 85-92.
• Preskorn, S. H. (2020). Drug interactions and fluoroquinolones. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 81(3), 10-20.
• Staras, K., et al. (2018). Ganciclovir and foscarnet: A comparative review. Antiviral Therapy, 23(8), 705-711.
• World Health Organization. (2021). Tuberculosis treatment guidelines. Retrieved from https://www.who.int/tb/publications/treatment_tb/en/
• World Health Organization. (2022). Infection prevention and control. Retrieved from https://www.who.int/infection-prevention/en/