How Many Valid Host Addresses Are On The Network 172.16.41.0 ✓ Solved

How many valid host addresses are on the network 172.16.41.0/27?

1. How many valid host addresses are on the network 172.16.41.0/27?

2. Which statement is not correct about the IP address 10.16.3.65/23?

3. What is the maximum number of IP addresses that can be assigned to hosts on a local subnet that uses the 255.255.255.224 subnet mask?

4. To test the IP stack on your local host, which IP address will you ping?

5. You need to subnet a network that has 5 subnets, each with at least 16 hosts. Which can be your choice?

6. What is the subnetwork number of a host with an IP address of 172.16.65.1/18?

7. How many bits must you borrow from the host field to provide the correct subnet mask for 29 subnets?

8. The network address of 172.16.0.0/19 provides how many subnets and hosts?

9. Which switching method is depicted in the diagram below?

10. Which two options will help to solve the problem of a network that is suffering a broadcast storm?

11. If the hubs in the graphic were replaced by switches, what would be virtually eliminated?

12. What is the network address and subnet mask of the hidden subnet (192.168.0.0/23)?

13. What is the difference between contention-based and control-based networks? Which medium access control method is used in contention-based networks?

14. Explain the ARP process in a scenario where PC A is communicating with a File Server on the same local network.

15. What IP address should PC1 use for a default gateway in order to reach the remote networks?

Paper For Above Instructions

### Introduction

The realm of networking involves complex protocols and addressing systems, crucial for effective communication across devices in an automated and efficient manner. This paper addresses a set of questions pertaining to concepts of IP addressing, subnetting, and network management, which are foundational for network design and maintenance.

### 1. Valid Host Addresses on 172.16.41.0/27

The IP address 172.16.41.0/27 signifies a network with 32 total addresses (2^5 = 32 since 27 bits are used for the network). However, two addresses are reserved: the network address (172.16.41.0) and the broadcast address (172.16.41.31). Therefore, the number of valid host addresses available is 30 (32 - 2 = 30). Thus, the answer is "b. 30."

### 2. Incorrect Statement About 10.16.3.65/23

The subnet address for 10.16.3.65/23 is indeed 10.16.2.0 with a subnet mask of 255.255.254.0. The lowest host address is 10.16.2.1 and the broadcast address is 10.16.3.255. The incorrect statement provided is "c. The last valid host address in the subnet is 10.16.3..255.254.0," which is an invalid format.

### 3. Maximum IP Addresses with 255.255.255.224

The subnet mask 255.255.255.224 allows for 32 total addresses (2^5 = 32). After excluding the network and broadcast addresses, the maximum number of IP addresses for hosts becomes 30. Thus, the answer is "a. 30."

### 4. Testing the IP Stack

The loopback address to test the IP stack on a local host is 127.0.0.1. Thus, the correct answer is "c. 127.0.0.1."

### 5. Subnetting with 5 Subnets

To provide at least 16 hosts for 5 subnets, a subnet mask that offers 4 bits for hosts (2^4 = 16) would suffice. Hence, the choice would be 255.255.255.240 (the classical mask for 16 hosts), and the answer is "c. 255.255.255.240."

### 6. Subnetwork Number for 172.16.65.1/18

For the subnetting of 172.16.65.1/18, the subnet address is 172.16.64.0. Thus, the answer is "b. 172.16.64.0."

### 7. Borrowing Bits for 29 Subnets

To create 29 subnets, the minimum number of borrowed bits must ensure that 2^n provides at least 29. Borrowing 5 bits provides 32 subnets (2^5 = 32), so the answer is "c. 5."

### 8. Subnets and Hosts for 172.16.0.0/19

A /19 subnet mask allows for 8 subnets, each offering 2046 addresses for hosts, making the answer "c. 8 subnets, 2,046 hosts each."

### 9. Switching Methods

Without the provided diagram, a common answer would refer to "a. Store-and-Forward" as the conventional switching method used in many network setups, allowing for error checking.

### 10. Solving Broadcast Storms

Utilizing routers and Layer 3 switches can efficiently mitigate broadcast storms in networks. Therefore, the answer involves options "b. a router" and "d. a Layer 3 switch."

### 11. Replacing Hubs with Switches

Replacing hubs with switches would virtually eliminate "c. Ethernet collisions" since switches provide dedicated channels for communication.

### 12. Hidden Subnet Address for 192.168.0.0/23

The hidden subnet address could theoretically range within the allocated network; however, precise addressing would depend on specified divisions within the broader range.

### 13. Contention-Based vs Control-Based Networks

In contention-based networks (e.g., CSMA/CD), devices compete for the medium without prior coordination, leading to possible collisions. Control-based methods use token passing, mitigating collisions but requiring overhead for token management.

### 14. ARP Process Explanation

In an ARP process, PC A broadcasts a request seeking the MAC address corresponding to the IP address of the File Server. Once the response is received, the Ethernet frame is constructed with the relevant MAC addresses filled in to establish communication.

### 15. Default Gateway Address for PC1

Given the network configuration, the default gateway for PC1 should be assigned the lowest available IP downstream from R1, ensuring unimpeded access to remote networks.

References

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  • Kurose, J. F., & Ross, K. W. (2017). Computer Networking: A Top-Down Approach. Pearson.
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  • Comer, D. E. (2018). Internetworking with TCP/IP. Pearson.
  • RFC 791, Internet Protocol, August 1981.
  • RFC 950, Internet Experiment Note, August 1985.
  • Mark, G. (2016). Networking Basics: CCNA and CompTIA Security+. Jones & Bartlett Learning.
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  • École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL). (2020). Networking Courses.
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