Hsci 460 Research In Health And Human Sciences Assign 654962

Hsci 460 Research In Health And Human Sciencesassignment Two Identi

HSCI 460: Research in Health and Human Sciences Assignment Two: Identification of Study Variables (20 points) Name: For each of the following studies (Study One & Study Two): state a reasonable research question based on the study description, identify the Independent variable (s), Dependent variable and its Level of measurement , and one Controlled variable. You are given an example of the information being sought. Study One (10 points) You are interested in look at the effects of strengthening exercise in adults with Down’s Syndrome. You randomly select twenty subjects (age range 19 – 35 years) from an adult workshop group. You measure the strength of the elbow flexors in pounds using a dynamometer prior to the start of an eight-week resistance training program. At the end of the eight weeks, you again test the strength of the elbow flexors. Research question: What are the effects of strengthening exercise in adults with down syndrome as measured using by strength of the elbow flexors? Independent variable: this is the variable changed by the researcher. The independent variable for this study is the exercise assuming either of the values exercise done or not done. Dependent variable: these are the variables being tested in a study. The dependent variable is the strength of the elbow flexors of the adults measured in pounds. Level of measurement: Ratio. Controlled variables: One controlled variables for this study is age (specified age range of 19 to 35 years) Study Two (10 points) You are interested in evaluating the effectiveness of three different education programs on caffeine consumption in young adults, age 18 – 24 years, who report that they drink at least one cup of coffee per day. You have a volunteer group of 30 subjects, and randomly assign each to one of the three education programs. Immediately after completion of the study, you determine how many have changed their consumption of caffeine (measured as change/no change). You re-interview the participants six months after completion of the program to determine if there has been a change in drinking habits. Research question: Are education programs on caffeine consumption in young adults effective as measured by the change in consumption of caffeine? The independent variables are the basis for comparisons. In this study the independent variable is the education program – assuming either of the two values; attended or not attended. Dependent variable: The dependent variables are the measures of outcome. The dependent variable in this study is the caffeine consumption which is measured as change or no change. Level of measurement: Ordinal Controlled variable: One of the controlled variables for this study is age (specified age range of between 18 to 24 years), means to evaluate change (interview). HSCI 460: Research in Health and Human Sciences Assignment Three: Refining the Research Question (20 points) Your third assignment is to begin focusing and refining your research question. You need to add and then identify the following for your question: 1. Refined research question – it should include indication of the type of subject (for example, female, aged 18 – 25 years, or measurements to be taken, etc.) 2. The independent and dependent variables for your research question (see the example in Assignment 2 for the definition of independent and dependent variables) 3. Briefly describe at least two subject or study characteristics you would control (for example, setting, timing, procedures, age range of subjects, health status of subjects, the timing of the treatments, etc. see also the example in Assignment 2 for controlled variables) Points for Assignment Three Points Available Refined research question Statement of independent and dependent variables Description of controlled variables Total points 20 Resource that might be helpful as a new perspective. All researchers struggle with this step.

Paper For Above instruction

The process of formulating precise research questions and accurately identifying study variables is fundamental to conducting effective health and human sciences research. Based on the provided descriptions, this paper will develop a relevant research question for each study, identify the variables involved, and discuss controlled variables to ensure clarity and rigor in study design.

Study One: Effects of Strengthening Exercise in Adults with Down’s Syndrome

The initial descriptive study focuses on evaluating the impact of a resistance training program on muscle strength in adults with Down’s Syndrome. A suitable research question for this study could be: "What are the effects of an eight-week strength training exercise program on elbow flexor strength in adults with Down’s Syndrome aged 19 to 35 years?" This question precisely indicates the subject population, the intervention, and the outcome of interest.

In this context, the independent variable is the presence or absence of the exercise program, with two levels: participation in the exercise (done) versus no exercise (not done). It is manipulated by the researcher to observe its effect on the dependent variable. The dependent variable is the strength of the elbow flexors, measured in pounds using a dynamometer. This variable is a ratio level of measurement because it involves continuous numerical data that can be meaningfully compared using ratios.

A controlled variable in this study could be the age range of participants (19–35 years), which helps control for age-related differences in muscle strength. Other potential controls include health status, medication use, or baseline physical activity levels, which would help ensure that observed effects are attributable to the intervention rather than confounding factors.

Study Two: Effectiveness of Education Programs on Caffeine Consumption in Young Adults

The second study investigates whether different education programs influence caffeine consumption habits among young adults, aged 18 to 24 years. A well-formulated research question might be: "Are various educational interventions effective in reducing caffeine consumption among young adults aged 18 to 24 years, as measured by changes in drinking habits six months post-intervention?" This statement specifies the population, the intervention, and the outcome measure.

The independent variable here is the type of education program, with levels such as attendance versus non-attendance or different program types. This variable is categorical and manipulated or classified to compare effects across groups. The dependent variable is the change in caffeine consumption, classified as either 'change' or 'no change.' This is an ordinal variable because it involves categories that have a clear order but no inherent numerical magnitude.

Controlled variables could include factors such as the baseline level of caffeine intake, peer influence, and initial health status, which can all influence drinking behaviors independently of the education programs. Controlling these variables ensures that differences observed are attributable primarily to the educational intervention rather than external confounding factors.

Conclusion

The careful identification of study variables—including independent, dependent, and controlled variables—and the formulation of precise research questions are crucial steps in health research. These steps help clarify the focus of the research, guide data collection, and enhance the validity of findings. Clear articulation of variables and controls ensures reproducibility and relevance, ultimately contributing to the advancement of scientific knowledge in health and human sciences.

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