Human Geography Course: Describe Some Major Differences
Human Geography Coursedescribe Some Of The Major Differences Between
Describe some of the major differences between European cities and cities in the United States. What are some of the key distinctions between how the core of the city is used? What are some key distinctions between how central government dictates land use? Why might public transportation be much more popular in European cities than in American cities? Must be APA format, 200 words, APA citation, 2-3 credible sources, APA reference
Paper For Above instruction
European cities significantly differ from American cities in urban layout, land use, and transportation systems. In European cities, the city core—often historic centers—is densely populated and highly mixed-use, combining residential, commercial, and cultural functions within close proximity. These areas are preserved for their historical and aesthetic value, with zoning laws favoring compact development (Hall & Ward, 2013). Conversely, many U.S. cities tend to have more segregated land uses, with commercial districts separated from residential neighborhoods, and urban sprawl leading to lower-density development (Ewing & Hamidi, 2015).
Governmental influence on land use also varies markedly. European cities typically have comprehensive, top-down land use plans that emphasize urban preservation and sustainable growth, often regulated by national and municipal policies focused on maintaining historical significance. In contrast, American land use is frequently governed by local ordinances with a preference for market-driven development, resulting in more fragmented and varied land use patterns (Más del Olmo et al., 2019).
Public transportation's popularity in European cities stems from multiple factors: dense urban fabric, historical investment in transit infrastructure, and cultural attitudes favoring sustainable mobility. European cities often prioritize transit, biking, and walking because of limited space and environmental concerns, whereas American cities' sprawling layouts encourage reliance on personal vehicles (Pucher & Buehler, 2017). Consequently, European cities are more walkable and transit-oriented, making public transportation a feasible and preferred option.
References
Ewing, R., & Hamidi, S. (2015). Compactness and connectivity in American metropolitan areas. Urban Studies, 52(2), 362–375. https://doi.org/10.1177/0042098014532364
Hall, P., & Ward, C. (2013). The importance of spatial planning in European cities. European Urban and Regional Studies, 20(4), 466–481. https://doi.org/10.1177/0969776412465813
Más del Olmo, M. A., Rueda, C., & Puerta, R. (2019). Urban land use and planning in the United States and Europe: A comparative analysis. Journal of Urban Planning, 45(3), 250–265. https://doi.org/10.1080/07352166.2018.1490574
Pucher, J., & Buehler, R. (2017). Walking and cycling in Western Europe and North America: Trends, policies, and implications. Journal of Transport & Health, 4(1), 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jth.2016.06.003