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This scientific paper aims to present a detailed methodology and analyze the results regarding the evaluation of apricot extract's biological effects on Hut-78 cell lines. The core of this study involves extracting specific phytochemicals, namely polyphenols and carotenoids, and assessing their antioxidant, cytotoxic, proliferative, and cell cycle effects through established laboratory techniques. The following sections elaborate on the materials and methods used, along with a discussion of the results obtained.

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Introduction

Natural plant extracts, such as those derived from apricots, have garnered significant interest due to their potential health benefits, including antioxidant activity, anticancer properties, and capacity to modulate cellular processes. This study investigates the phytochemical composition and biological effects of apricot extracts from two different types (biological and conventional) by analyzing their polyphenol and carotenoid contents, as well as their impact on Hut-78 cell line viability, proliferation, and cell cycle progression.

Materials and Methods

Sample Collection and Preparation

Apricot samples were obtained from two categories: biological and conventional. Each category underwent extraction procedures to isolate polyphenols and carotenoids. The extracts were prepared using standard protocols to ensure consistency and reproducibility.

Extraction of Polyphenols and Carotenoids

Polyphenol extraction was performed using solvents compatible with the Folin-Ciocalteu method. Specifically, the plant material was homogenized and treated with a solvent mixture optimized for polyphenol solubilization. The extract was then filtered and stored at 4°C until assay.

Carotenoid extraction involved acetonitrile, chosen for its efficiency in dissolving carotenoids. The plant material was homogenized, and the carotenoids were extracted with acetonitrile, followed by centrifugation to separate the phase. The supernatant was collected for analysis.

Quantification of Phytochemicals

Polyphenol Content

The Folin-Ciocalteu assay was employed to quantify total phenolics, with results expressed as gallic acid equivalents (GAE). A calibration curve was prepared using standard gallic acid solutions, and absorbance was measured at 765 nm using a spectrophotometer.

Carotenoid Content

High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to characterize and quantify carotenoid compounds. The extraction samples were injected into an HPLC system equipped with a UV-Vis detector. Retention times and spectral data were used to identify and quantify specific carotenoids based on known standards.

Biological Activity Assays

Antiradical Activity

The DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging assay was performed to evaluate antioxidant capacity. Extract samples were mixed with DPPH solution, and the reduction in absorbance at 517 nm indicated radical scavenging activity. Ascorbic acid served as a positive control.

Cell Viability

The trypan blue exclusion method was used to assess cell viability after exposure to apricot extracts for specified durations. In parallel, the MTT assay was conducted to evaluate cell proliferation. Cells were incubated with MTT reagent, and formazan product formation was measured spectrophotometrically at 570 nm.

Cell Cycle Analysis

Flow cytometry (FACS) was employed to analyze the distribution of Hut-78 cells across different phases of the cell cycle following treatment with the extracts. Cells were fixed, stained with propidium iodide, and analyzed using a flow cytometer to determine the percentages in G0/G1, S, and G2/M phases.

Data Analysis

Data obtained from all assays were statistically analyzed using appropriate software. Results were expressed as mean ± standard deviation of triplicates. Differences between groups were evaluated via ANOVA, with p

Results and Analysis

The phytochemical analysis revealed that apricot extracts contained significant levels of polyphenols and carotenoids, with variations observed between biological and conventional types. The Folin-Ciocalteu assay indicated higher polyphenol content in biological samples, which correlated with increased antioxidant activity as measured by DPPH assay. HPLC profiles confirmed the presence of key carotenoids such as beta-carotene and lutein, with higher concentrations in the biological sample extracts.

Antioxidant capacity tests demonstrated that extracts with higher phytochemical content exhibited stronger radical scavenging activity. The biological assays showed that treated Hut-78 cells experienced reduced viability and proliferation in response to high-concentration extracts, indicating potential cytotoxic effects. Notably, flow cytometry revealed cell cycle arrest at the G0/G1 phase upon treatment with the extracts, suggesting an arrest mechanism that could hinder cancer cell progression.

Statistical analysis supported the significance of these findings, emphasizing the potential therapeutic value of apricot phenolics and carotenoids. These results collectively highlight the chemopreventive and anticancer prospects of apricot-derived compounds, especially when sourced from biological cultivation practices.

Conclusion

The study successfully demonstrated that apricot extracts harbor bioactive phytochemicals capable of exerting antioxidant and antiproliferative effects on cancer cell lines. The differential phytochemical content between biological and conventional sources influences their biological efficacy. These findings suggest that apricot phenolics and carotenoids could offer promising avenues for developing natural therapeutic agents against cancer, warranting further in vivo investigations.

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