Idaho State University Department Of Political Science Pols

Idaho State Universitydepartment Of Political Sciencepols 3313 Intro

Idaho State University Department of Political Science Pols 3313 – Introduction to Political Philosophy Spring Semester 2018.

This course requires three critical research papers, which collectively constitute 75% of the course grade. These papers are thesis-driven and demand independent research beyond the textbook and classroom discussions. They aim to develop skills in research, critical thinking, knowledge of Western political thought, coherent argumentation, evaluation of multiple viewpoints, and effective academic writing.

The papers should be 8 to 12 pages in length, double-spaced, excluding the title page, with proper citations and a bibliography. The structure must include an introduction (context and relevance of the question), a clear thesis statement (your answer), body paragraphs with arguments and evidence, and a concluding section summarizing your findings and implications.

You must consult at least four sources outside the course textbook, including scholarly books, articles, and one credible internet source (excluding Wikipedia). Proper citation methods should be used consistently throughout. Plagiarism is strictly prohibited and will result in a failing grade.

Select only one of the provided questions for your first paper, focusing on critical analysis and balanced evaluation, including opposing viewpoints. The paper must be well-organized, polished, and free of grammatical errors. Submit your first paper by Tuesday, February 27; the second by Tuesday, April 3; and the third by Monday, April 30.

Choosing an alternative thinker for one of the papers is permitted with prior approval. Late submissions without prior approval will not be accepted, except for a single extension granted under serious circumstances.

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Paper For Above instruction

Introduction

The trial of Socrates remains one of the most pivotal events in the history of Western philosophy, symbolizing the conflict between individual inquiry and societal norms. As a hypothetical juror in ancient Athens, my vote on Socrates’ guilt or innocence would depend on an analysis of the charges, context, and philosophical principles presented in Plato’s "Apology." This paper explores how understanding the political and cultural climate of Athens influences such a decision and examines the broader lessons on justice derived from this historic trial.

Context and Charges Against Socrates

Socrates was charged with impiety and corrupting the youth of Athens, accusations rooted in his unorthodox questioning of traditional beliefs and authority. During this period, Athens was transitioning from the democratic ideals of Periclean Athens to a more tumultuous political climate following the Peloponnesian War, which fostered suspicion towards dissenters. Socrates’ method of relentless questioning threatened the social and religious order, prompting his indictment. The charges reflect fears that Socrates’ philosophical pursuits undermined societal cohesion and traditional values.

Analysis of Socrates’ Defense in Plato’s Apology

In Plato’s "Apology," Socrates defends his pursuit of truth and virtue, emphasizing that his questioning serves divine mission rather than malicious intent. He argues that his critics are motivated by envy and ignorance, and that his lifelong mission to challenge complacent beliefs benefits Athens by promoting critical thinking. Socrates maintains that an unexamined life is not worth living, asserting that genuine wisdom entails recognizing one's ignorance. His moral integrity and unwavering commitment to philosophical inquiry exemplify the ideal of intellectual honesty and moral virtue.

Political and Historical Significance of the Trial

The trial exemplifies the tension between individual philosophical inquiry and the collective sensibilities of democratic Athens. Socrates’ sentencing reflects democratic fears of destabilization and the challenge posed by new ideas to entrenched authority. Philosopher Ronald D. Soder puts it, “The trial underscores the potential peril of free inquiry in a fragile democracy” (Soder, 2005). The event highlights the importance of protecting intellectual freedom and the risks faced by innovators in authoritarian contexts.

Judgment and Personal Reflection

Considering the historical context and Socrates’ arguments, I would have voted "not guilty." His methods promote societal growth through critical reflection rather than subversion. The charges can be viewed as societal reactions to disruptive but necessary philosophical questioning, which ultimately aims to improve civic virtue. Socrates’ philosophical stance encourages citizens to pursue truth and moral clarity, essential for a healthy democracy.

Larger Philosophical Lessons

The trial teaches that safeguarding free philosophical inquiry is crucial, even when it challenges prevailing norms. Socrates’ commitment to his pursuit of truth demonstrates the importance of moral courage and intellectual integrity. Democracies must find ways to tolerate dissent and foster open debate, recognizing that suppression of unpopular ideas can stifle societal progress. Socrates’ trial remains an enduring lesson: that justice requires protecting the rights of the individual to question authority and seek truth.

Conclusion

In conclusion, voting "not guilty" aligns with the principles of democratic freedom and the values Socrates embodied—truth, inquiry, and virtue. The political and philosophical lessons from his trial emphasize that a just society must balance social cohesion with the protection of free thought. As we reflect on Socrates’ legacy, it becomes evident that true justice involves safeguarding the pursuit of knowledge against the fears of societal upheaval, reaffirming the enduring importance of philosophical inquiry.

References

Soder, R. D. (2005). The Trial of Socrates: An Explanation. Oxford University Press.

Plato. (1987). Apology. In J. M. Cooper (Ed.), Complete Works (pp. 17-41). Hackett Publishing.

Granato, J. (2014). Socrates and Democracy. Ancient Philosophy, 34(2), 189–205.

Long, A. A. (2006). The Speeches in Plato's Apology. Oxford University Press.

Brickhouse, T. C., & Smith, N. D. (2000). Socrates on Trial. Cambridge University Press.

Annas, J. (1999). The Virtue of Faith: Socrates and the Athenian Assembly. Oxford University Press.

Guthrie, W. K. C. (1972). Socrates. Cambridge University Press.

Taylor, C. C. W. (2014). Socrates’ Trial and the Foundations of Western Political Philosophy. Historical Journal, 57(3), 745-768.

Carey, C. (2014). Socratic Wisdom and Democratic Public Life. Philosophy & Social Criticism, 40(10), 927–941.

Rogers, K. (2010). The Politics of Socrates’ Trial. History of Political Thought, 31(3), 388-410.