IFSM 310 Software And Hardware Infrastructure Concept 353280

IFSM 310 Software and Hardware Infrastructure Concepts Computer and Num

ifsm 310 software and hardware infrastructure conceptscomputer and num

IFSM 310 Software and Hardware Infrastructure Concepts Computer and Number Systems 1. (10 pt) You have been hired to develop a website-based sales system for a large international retail firm. List and describe at least four features that are specific to the Web design of your system and customer service important to consider if your system is to be successful at attracting and keeping customers living outside of the US. Include not only characteristics of the user interface, but those issues that must be uniquely addressed to successfully service your non-US customers. 2. (2.5 pt each) In order to receive credit for these problems, you must show all of the steps you took to arrive at your answers. (c) Convert the following decimal number to binary: 21842 (d) Convert the following binary number to decimal: .101 (c) Convert the following hexadecimal number to decimal: CA97 (d) Convert the following binary number to hexadecimal: CPU and Memory 3. (10 pt) ASCII, Unicode, and EBCDIC are, of course, not the only numeric / character codes.

The Sophomites from the planet Collegium use the rather strange code shown in the Figure below. There are only thirteen characters in the Sophomite alphabet, and each character uses a 5-bit code. In addition, there are four numeric digits, since the Sophomites use base 4 for their arithmetic. Given the following Sophomite sequence, what is the corresponding binary message being sent by the Sophomites? (HINT: Decode the sequence reading from left to right then write the corresponding binary sequence, leaving a space between each binary sequence.) 4. (10 pt) Define memory cache write-through and write-back techniques and describe the advantages and disadvantages of each. Input / Output 5.

Answer the follow questions about interrupts. a. (5 pt) Describe in detail the steps that occur when a system receives an interrupt. b. (5 pt) Describe how these steps differ in the case when a system receives multiple interrupts Computer Systems 6. Answer the following questions about clusters. a. (5 pt) Describe how you might use a cluster to provide fault-tolerant computing b. (5 pt) Describe how you might use a cluster architecture to provide rapid scalability for a Web-based company experiencing rapid growth. Networks 7. Answer the following questions about communication protocols. a. (5 pt) Using the operations of UDP (User Datagram Protocol) and TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) as a basis, carefully explain the difference between connectionless and connection-oriented communication. b. (5 pt) If you were ordering a number of items from an online seller, such as amazon.com, which Protocol (TCP or UDP) would you recommend and explain why.

8. In the context of network security, a. (3 pt) explain the purpose of non-repudiation. b. (3 pt) How does non-repudiation differ from authentication? c. (4 pt) Create a business scenario that illustrates the importance of each. Data Communications 9. (2 pt each) Circle or highlight the correct answer to the following questions / statements about data communications: (a) What characteristic of an analog signal is measured in Hertz, or cycles per second? a. Amplitude c. Phase b.

Frequency d. Skew (b) What measurement unit describes the speed and capacity of a communication channel? a. Throughput c. Response Time b. Access Time d.

Data Transfer Rate (c) ____ can be produced by a variety of sources, including electric motors, radio equipment, and nearby power transmission or communication lines. a. EMI c. Distortion b. Attenuation d. Signal/noise (S/N) ratio (d) A(n) ____ can extend the range of an electrical signal by boosting signal power to overcome attenuation. a. repeater c. amplifier b. return wire d. signal wire (e) Which of the following does not allow multiple messages to be carried on a single channel? a. time division multiplexing c. packet switching b. frequency division multiplexing d. half-duplex Operating Systems 10.

Answer the following questions about user interfaces: (a) (5 pt) List and explain at least two of the definite advantages to the use of a command line interface (CLI) over other types of interfaces. (b) (5 pt) There are some capabilities that are easy to achieve with a GUI (graphical user interface), but much more difficult with a CLI. Describe at least two of these capabilities. File Management 11. Answer the following: a. (5 pt) Use the following four processes that have arrived in the ready queue in the sequence shown below and answer the following about process scheduling: · Process 1 has a total run time of 25 seconds and a priority of 2, but it will require 15 seconds of I/O after 10 seconds of execution · Process 2 has a total run time of 30 seconds, a priority of 1, but it will require 10 seconds of I/O after 20 seconds of execution · Process 3 has a total run time of 15 seconds and a priority of 3 · Process 4 has a total run time of 20 seconds, a priority of 2, but it will require 15 seconds of I/O after 5 seconds of execution (i) Both shortest job first and non-preemptive priority queue scheduling algorithms will complete all four processes at the same time, but not in the same order.

In which algorithm will Process 1 finish first ? Provide the time Process 1 finishes and explain your answer. (ii) If the round robin scheduling algorithm is used, which process will finish first ? At what time will it complete? b. (5 pt) Using a variable-partitioned multiprogramming memory, which of the four holes shown below will be used to satisfy a 40 KB program requirement under the conditions of: 0-15 KB 15-40 KB 40-125 KB KB KB KB KB KB KB occupied Hole A occupied Hole B occupied Hole C occupied Hole D occupied ___ Best-fit ___ Worst-fit Internet 12. (10 pt) Show the bit pattern in an asynchronous transmission with even parity if the data to be sent is the character string " EXAMS ". Use 7-bit ASCII code found in Englander's Figure 4.3 (page 102) and be sure to include start and stop bits. 1 Character ï€ Codes Numeric Codes ï¨ï€ 00001 ï¶ 10000  ï¦ï€ 00010 ï® 10011  ï‚«ï€ 00100 ï¿ 10101  + 01000  10110  ïž 01011 ïƒ 11001 ïƒ”ï€ 01101 * 11010 ï‚— 01110  ï‚«ï€ ï® ïƒ©  ï¨ ï¶ ïž ïƒ¨ +

Paper For Above instruction

The development of an effective web-based sales system for a large international retail firm requires careful consideration of features that address the unique needs of non-US customers. The following four features are critical in ensuring global customer attraction and retention:

1. Multi-language and Localization Support

To serve customers outside the US effectively, the system must support multiple languages and regional dialects. Localization extends beyond language; it includes cultural norms, date and time formats, currency conversions, and measurement units. For example, offering product descriptions in local languages such as Mandarin, Spanish, or French enhances accessibility and user trust. Additionally, adapting the user interface to culturally familiar icons and color schemes can significantly improve user engagement. Localization not only improves usability but also demonstrates cultural sensitivity, fostering customer loyalty across diverse markets (Mendoza & Thomas, 2019).

2. Currency Conversion and Payment Gateway Integration

International customers expect the ability to view prices in their local currency and pay using preferred regional options. Implementing real-time currency conversion ensures transparency of pricing and facilitates trust. Integrating multiple secure payment gateways such as Alipay, PayPal, or regional banking services enables seamless transaction processing worldwide. Addressing regulatory requirements for cross-border payments and providing clear instructions in local languages reduces transaction friction, enhancing the shopping experience for non-US customers (Lin & Wang, 2021).

3. Responsive and Mobile-Friendly Design

Global customers access e-commerce platforms via various devices, including smartphones and tablets. A responsive design ensures the website is optimized for different screen sizes and internet speeds, providing a consistent and efficient user experience regardless of device or location. Mobile-first design, along with fast-loading pages and minimal data usage, caters particularly to regions with limited bandwidth or high mobile usage, such as parts of Africa and Asia (Chen et al., 2020). This approach reduces bounce rates and increases conversion rates among international visitors.

4. Multi-Currency Pricing and Tax Considerations

Beyond static currency support, dynamic pricing that accounts for local taxes, import duties, and shipping costs is essential. The system should automatically calculate applicable tariffs and taxes based on customer's location, providing a transparent total cost at checkout. This feature minimizes cart abandonment caused by unexpected charges and helps build trust with international consumers (Kumar & Dutta, 2022). Additionally, providing localized customer support and clear return policies enhances overall satisfaction and loyalty.

Steps in Addressing the Features

Developing these features begins with market research to understand regional preferences and regulatory environments. Subsequently, implementing multi-language support involves selecting localization frameworks and translation management systems. Currency conversion requires integrating reliable APIs such as Open Exchange Rates or XE.com for real-time data. Responsive design is achieved through flexible CSS frameworks like Bootstrap, while complex tax and tariff calculations necessitate robust backend logic possibly supported by third-party compliance APIs.

Number System and Data Conversion Examples

Converting decimal 21842 to binary involves successive division by 2, recording remainders. For example, 21842 in decimal converts to 1010100110110110 in binary. To convert binary .101 to decimal, calculate: 12^-1 + 02^-2 + 12^-3 = 0.5 + 0 + 0.125 = 0.625. Hexadecimal CA97 translates to decimal by positional values, where C=12, A=10, 9=9, 7=7, resulting in (1216^3)+(1016^2)+(916^1)+(7*16^0)=51847. Binary CPU code (e.g., 110010) converts to hexadecimal by grouping bits: 1100 10, which translates to C2 in hexadecimal (Randal, 2018).

Fantasy Code Decoding by Sophomites

The Sophomite alphabet uses 5-bit codes for 13 characters and base 4 for numeric digits. Assuming the sequence provided is, for example, '10100 11001 01110', translating these codes to characters involves constructing a lookup table based on the 5-bit code assignments. For numeric digits, each code corresponds to base 4 digits which, when combined, could spell out a binary message. Decoding from left to right and converting each 5-bit segment into binary yields the message transmitted by the Sophomites, the exact result depending on their character code assignments.

Cache Write-Through and Write-Back Techniques

Write-through caching writes data to both cache and main memory simultaneously, ensuring consistency between the two. This method simplifies cache coherence but can slow overall performance due to frequent memory writes. Its advantages include data integrity and ease of implementation, while disadvantages include increased latency and reduced throughput under heavy write loads.

Write-back caching defers memory writes until necessary, updating main memory only when cache lines are replaced. This technique improves write performance and reduces memory bandwidth consumption but introduces complexities in coherence management. In case of system crashes or failures, data loss might occur if unwritten data resides only in cache.

Interrupt Handling Steps

When a system receives an interrupt, the following steps are undertaken: Firstly, the CPU completes the current instruction; secondly, it saves the context (registers and program counter); thirdly, it identifies the interrupt source and selects the appropriate interrupt handler; fourthly, the handler executes necessary routines to deal with the event; finally, control is restored to the pre-interrupt process, with the system resuming normal operation (Silberschatz et al., 2018). In systems with multiple simultaneous interrupts, prioritization schemes determine which interrupt is serviced first, often involving interrupt priority levels, masking, and nesting, altering the handling sequence and response time.

Cluster for Fault Tolerance and Scalability

Fault-tolerant computing is achieved through clustering by configuring multiple servers with identical hardware and software, allowing failover if one node fails. For example, a primary server handles transactions while secondary nodes remain idle until needed, ensuring continuous service availability. Load balancers distribute user requests across cluster nodes, minimizing downtime and data loss.

For rapid scalability, cluster architectures can dynamically add nodes in response to demand. Web companies experiencing growth implement scalable clusters with distributed computing resources, enabling horizontal scaling. Cloud-based clustering, using services like Amazon Web Services or Google Cloud, allows elastic resource allocation, supporting growing user bases without significant performance degradation (Kumar et al., 2020).

Communication Protocols: UDP vs. TCP

UDP operates without establishing a connection, sending discrete datagrams independently, which makes it suitable for applications requiring fast transmission with tolerance for packet loss, such as streaming or gaming. Conversely, TCP is connection-oriented, establishing a reliable session before data transfer, ensuring data integrity, order, and acknowledgment, critical for applications like web browsing and email (Stevens et al., 2014). If ordering and data accuracy are crucial, TCP is preferred. For faster, less reliable data transfer, UDP might be used.

When ordering items from Amazon, TCP is recommended because it guarantees complete data transfer, ensuring that order details, payment information, and shipping addresses are correctly received and processed, preventing incorrect or incomplete transactions.

Network Security: Non-Repudiation and Authentication

Non-repudiation ensures that neither party involved in a communication can deny having participated in the transaction, often supported by digital signatures and audit trails. Authentication verifies the identity of a user or system before allowing access to resources. For example, in online banking, non-repudiation ensures transaction proof, while authentication verifies user identity (Diffie & Hellman, 1976). A business scenario illustrating non-repudiation involves an online purchase where the seller cannot deny shipping an order; for authentication, secure login procedures confirm customer identity to prevent unauthorized access.

Data Communication Characteristics and Devices

The characteristic of an analog signal measured in Hertz (Hz) is frequency; it indicates how many cycles per second occur in the signal. The unit for describing the speed and capacity of a communication channel is the data transfer rate, typically in bits per second (bps). EMI (Electromagnetic Interference) arises from sources like electric motors and radio equipment, degrading signal quality. A repeater extends signal range by amplifying the signal, compensating for attenuation. Multiple messages are carried on a single channel through multiplexing techniques like TDM and FDM; packet switching allows multiple messages but less efficiently than multiplexing in some cases (Oppenheimer, 2014).

User Interface Advantages and Capabilities

Advantages of CLI include efficiency for experienced users who can execute commands quickly without navigating graphical elements, and reduced system resource consumption, allowing faster responses and lower hardware requirements. Capabilities easier with GUI include drag-and-drop file management, which facilitates intuitive file handling, and visual data representation, such as charts and images, which are cumbersome to produce with CLI (Shneiderman & Plaisant, 2016).

Process Scheduling Analysis

Regarding process completion times, shortest job first (SJF) scheduling prioritizes shorter processes; therefore, Process 3, the shortest with 15 seconds, will complete first, followed by others based on their run times. Non-preemptive priority scheduling would likely see Process 2 finish first, owing to its highest priority. For Round Robin, assuming a time quantum that allows quick cycle completion, Process 3 might finish first due to its short total run time once I/O is accounted for.

Memory Allocation for 40 KB Program

In a variable-partitioned memory model with holes of 0-15 KB, 15-40 KB, and 40-125 KB, the 40 KB requirement would best fit the hole between 15-40 KB, i.e., Hole B, if using best-fit or worst-fit algorithms; this minimizes waste and optimizes memory utilization based on the allocation strategy.

Asynchronous Transmission of "EXAMS" with Even Parity

Using ASCII codes: 'E' = 01000101, 'X' = 01011000, 'A' = 01000001, 'M' = 01001101, 'S' = 01010011. Including start bits (0) and stop bits (1), and adding an even parity bit per character, the bit pattern for each character is constructed by calculating the parity and prefixing with start and appending stop bits. For example, 'E' with even parity (parity bit 0) results in: 0 01000101 1, with respective start and stop bits added, forming the complete asynchronous transmission frame.

References

• Chen, X., Zhang, Y., & Li, T. (2020). Mobile website usability in different regions: A cross-cultural study. Journal of E-commerce Research, 21(3), 73-89.
• Diffie, W., & Hellman, M. (1976). New directions in cryptography. IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, 22(6), 644-654.
• Kumar, S., & Dutta, P. (2022). Enhancing international e-commerce: Strategies for localizing checkout procedures. International Journal of Business and Management, 17(4), 45-58.
• Kumar, R., Singh, P., & Sharma, S. (2020). Cloud-based clustering systems for scalable web services. Cloud Computing Journal, 8(2), 99-112.
• Lin, J., & Wang, M. (2021). Cross-border e-commerce payment solutions