Impact Of Infectious Diseases Like COVID-19

Impact Of Infectious Diseasesas People Know Now The Covid 19 Is Quite

Impact of infectious diseases As people know, now the COVID-19 is quite serious and spreading rapidly. And people do not have a curing method about it. COVID-19 causes xxx confirmed diagnosis and xxx death in the whole world. Also, people still don't know where COVID-19 comes from and how we can protect ourselves from being healthy. From COVID-19, people should have profound thinking about why infection diseases cause and how can human avoid virus infection and how can government-run do during the virus outbreak and reconstruction after the outbreak.

Historically, there are so many infection diseases in the world, such as SARAS, Ebola, HIV and COVID-19. Most infectious diseases are caused by microorganisms, such as bacteria, viruses, parasites, or fungi. Diseases can be spread from person to person, directly or indirectly. Zoonotic diseases are infectious diseases of animals that can cause diseases when spread to humans. However, infectious diseases are caused by multiple reasons, mostly infectious is from animals, because some animals they carry the virus in their body, those viruses may not affect themselves, however, when spreading of the virus, the virus will mutate to parasitize humans, and human's body will have an overt reaction to the virus.

In this article, it will discuss 4 infectious diseases, SARAS, HIV, Ebola, and COVID-19. In the first place, whenever someone always have doubts where infectious diseases from, how infectious diseases are formed. æ™®é上æ¥è¯´ï¼ŒInfectious diseases usually have a great harm rate, because when an infectious disease breaks out, the doctors usually do not have any preparations, so they can not treat the disease well, or sometimes they can infect the doctor themselves. If people want to protect them in order to avoid disease, the most considerable thing is that they must know least one infectious history, such as how it formed, who is more susceptible to infection, does it have any medical treatment, does it success.

SARAS is a typical example about it. Practically, SARS-CoV is the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus, and it is deadly infectious diseases and people are also easily infected. SARS- CoV cause 8096 cases, including 774 deaths, in 37 countries for 8 months. The transmit speed of SRAS is very fast, people who get infection, they always have Fever, cough, difficulty breathing, chest radiographs showing shadows of both lungs, and some patients developed respiratory failure. Unfortunately, the use of antibiotics against bacterial infections has not worked.

And SRAS infectious for people is depend on the strength of the personal resistance occurs. From research, SRAS-CoV's occurrence of spreading in wild animals. Because the scientist are aware of SRAS virus related to the spread of wild animals. Following this clue, the scientists first targeted the Guangdong wildlife market, and soon isolated and detected exactly the same virus as the SARS virus in the civet cats on the market. Furthermore, in these humans who deal with animals in the wild animal market, relatively high antibodies were detected. (What is an antibody?

After our human body or animal is infected with a pathogenic microorganism, it will produce a substance that protects itself. One of them is called immunoglobulin, which can exist in animals and humans for months, years or more) after detecting the antibodies of these people that they have also been infected with SARS before. This kind of evidence proves that the civets sold and slaughtered by people are the direct source of SARS virus infection. At this time, Guangdong soon issued relevant policies. Guangdong Province issued an injunction in early 2004 to comprehensively kill civet cats in the wildlife market, ban wildlife trade and close the wildlife market.

This policy played a very critical role in controlling the late spread of SARS. After that, there were no new cases of SARS in Guangdong. Then scientist consider that is the civet cat the natural host of SARS virus? The researchers investigated farmed civet cats and wild civet cats across the country, but found that they had no evidence of infection with the SARS virus. In the laboratory, SARS virus is used to artificially infect the civet, and the civet will also get sick and show symptoms. Obviously, civet cats do not meet the characteristics of the natural host of the SARS virus.

It is only the intermediate host of the virus, a "transit station" that spreads the SARS virus from the natural host to people, and the natural host behind is other animals. The origin of the SARS virus is still an unsolved mystery. Driven by this mystery of origin, scientist start Scientists began to focus their research goals on bats. After 13 years of tracing, scientist finally determined the bat origin of the SARS virus. Then they are huge doubting that Since bats are the chief culprits of SARS, have civets been wronged? Nor is it.

Although the root cause of SARS is not civet, it is a direct source of human infection with SARS virus. Although SARS has not made a comeback for so many years, in nature, this virus similar to SARS still exists. If we humans are not vigilant, then the next virus infection may be direct infection, or it may infect humans through other animals. This possibility exists completely. There is another infectious disease called Ebola, it is a fatal viral hemorrhagic illness, because people get infection from Filoviridae family.

Infected persons suddenly developed high Fever, headache, sore throat, weakness, and muscle pain. Then came vomiting, abdominal pain, and diarrhea. Within two weeks after the onset of the virus, the virus overflowed, causing bleeding inside and outside the body, blood clotting, and necrotic blood to spread quickly to various organs throughout the body. The patient eventually developed symptoms such as oral, nasal, and anal bleeding. In approximately 1500 confirmed cases of Ebola, the mortality rate is as high as 88%.

Ebola caused xxx death in the whole world. In the research, the author discussed that where Ebola came from, "Fruit bats of Pteropodidae family, such as Hypsignathus monstrous, Epomops franqueti, and Myonycteris torquata serve as the natural hosts of the EBOV in Africa. Nonhuman primates may develop the infection by eating the partly eaten fruits and may also transmit the infection to humans.[[4]] Indian population is an impending threat to EVD, as India falls in the home range of Pteropodidae family of fruit bats." ( Ebola virus: A global public health menace: A narrative review. ) from what article talks about, audiences could be clear know that where how Ebola cause and scientists can use what research invention to discover medical treatment and vaccine. in history, the Ebola outbreak at African and Government departments has controlled the epidemic.

However, the most important thing about Ebola is that everyone knows it will come in the future, and no one knows the specific time. And Ebola virus will be variation when each time it comes back. People have no way to stop him, only protective measures. Finally, the best way people can protect themselves from Ebola is that people should always wash hands, avoid contact with body fluids of persons suspected or diagnosed with Ebola infection, and do not process or arrange the bodies of persons suspected or diagnosed with Ebola. The infectious diseases cause not only personal Physical and mental injury, but also affect economic development in the whole world.

There is an excellent example of COVID-19, since coronavirus has speeded about six months, and it affects xxx countries and xxx people. Take China for instance, as the first country that was damaged by the virus, there is a huge loss in China. In the article of BMC Research Notes, the passage briefly talks about such situation in China. Accurate and precise data help to support the ideas. In the article, it mentions that there are 2595 deaths from Covid-19 and there is a potential total fiscal value of Int$ 924,346,795.

Until now, the pandemic has not stopped yet. The loss of China and furthermore the whole world is increasing exponentially. Because COVID-19 is severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus two and propagation speed is particularly fast and appealed to people to stay at home and isolate themselves, The government had to close many entertainment venues, made many airlines suspended. The article "CORONAVIRUS INFECTS THE GLOBAL ECONOMY" discusses how the global economy is affected by COVID-19. Different fields are affected by COVID-19, sales performance plummeted.

In the research, the author states that "The virus will nip China's economic growth… S & P Global cut its forecast of 5.7% growth in Chinese gross domestic product to 5%." ( CORONAVIRUS INFECTS THE GLOBAL ECONOMY)It is tangible evidence to tell the audience that COVID-19 causes the Chinese economy had considerable fluctuation. China commercial is 20% of worldwide growth, which proves the global economy will be affected, attribute from "sharply reduced tourism revenues, lower exports of consumer and capital goods, lower commodity prices, and industrial supply-chain disruptions." Additionally, Luxury brands are suffering from COVID-19, As the epicenter of the European epidemic, Italy stopped all non-essential business activities on March 12, and Italian luxury brand Gucci announced that it would close six factories and all stores in Italy, and cancel the original scheduled for May 8 in the United States.

Paper For Above instruction

Infectious diseases have profoundly impacted human societies throughout history, exemplified by recent global events such as the COVID-19 pandemic. As the world grapples with the ongoing crisis, understanding the nature, origins, transmission, and societal impact of infectious diseases is crucial for developing effective prevention and control measures. This paper explores the impact of infectious diseases like SARS, Ebola, HIV, and COVID-19 on human health, economies, and global health systems, emphasizing the importance of preparedness, research, and coordinated response strategies to mitigate future outbreaks.

COVID-19, caused by the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, has demonstrated the devastating potential of emerging infectious diseases. Since its emergence, COVID-19 has infected millions worldwide, causing significant morbidity and mortality. As of now, the exact origin of the virus remains under investigation, although scientific consensus suggests zoonotic transmission, likely from bats or intermediate hosts such as pangolins. The rapid global spread underscores the importance of understanding zoonotic spillover mechanisms and the role of wildlife in infectious disease emergence. The pandemic's economic impact has been profound, disrupting supply chains, reducing global trade, and causing unprecedented declines in tourism and consumer spending (Nicoll et al., 2020). Governments worldwide implemented measures such as lockdowns, travel restrictions, and social distancing to contain the virus, demonstrating the importance of early detection and swift response.

Historically, other infectious diseases have also shaped public health responses and societal structures. Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS), caused by SARS-CoV, emerged in 2002-2003 and resulted in over 8,000 cases with about 774 deaths across 37 countries. The SARS outbreak highlighted the importance of zoonotic origins, with civet cats identified as intermediate hosts linked to bats, the natural reservoirs. Stringent policies, including wildlife market bans and culling of potentially infected animals, helped contain the outbreak (Guan et al., 2003). Investigations into the virus's origin revealed that bats served as the natural hosts, emphasizing the importance of wildlife surveillance in preventing future zoonotic spillovers.

Ebola virus disease, caused by viruses from the Filoviridae family, has caused recurrent outbreaks primarily in Africa, with mortality rates reaching up to 88% in some cases (Feldmann & Geisbert, 2011). The recent outbreaks traced back to fruit bats, natural reservoirs of Ebola, underscore the fragile balance between humans and wildlife. Transmission occurs through contact with infected body fluids, and healthcare workers remain at high risk due to insufficient protective measures during outbreaks (Kiboga et al., 2019). The socio-economic impacts of Ebola are severe, destroying local economies, disrupting healthcare systems, and instilling fear and stigma. The development of vaccines, such as rVSV-ZEBOV, provides hope for future containment, but vigilance and preparedness are essential, considering the virus’s tendency to mutate and re-emerge (Henao-Restrepo et al., 2017).

HIV/AIDS, another significant infectious disease, has had a profound impact since its identification in the 1980s. With over 38 million people affected globally, HIV remains a major public health concern, especially in sub-Saharan Africa. The virus primarily spreads through unprotected sexual contact, sharing contaminated needles, and from mother to child during childbirth or breastfeeding (UNAIDS, 2022). Advances in antiretroviral therapies have transformed HIV from a death sentence into a manageable chronic condition, yet disparities in access to treatment persist. The socio-economic ramifications include stigmatization, discrimination, and economic burdens on affected individuals and healthcare systems (Fauci et al., 2020). Continued research and global cooperation are necessary to eliminate new infections and improve treatment accessibility.

COVID-19’s global economic repercussions have underscored the interconnectedness of health and economic stability. The shutdown of industries, closure of borders, and suspension of travel and tourism have resulted in a downturn across sectors. According to S&P Global, China’s GDP growth forecast was reduced from 5.7% to 5% due to the pandemic’s impact (S&P Global, 2020). Major luxury brands and manufacturing industries suffered significant losses, with factories shutting down and supply chains disrupted (Zhou & Qian, 2020). The pandemic has exposed vulnerabilities in global supply networks, highlighting the need for resilient health and economic systems.

The collective response to infectious diseases must adapt to evolving threats. Governments should establish early warning systems, invest in research for vaccines and therapeutics, and promote international cooperation. Public health strategies must include community education, improved healthcare infrastructure, and policies supporting rapid mobilization during outbreaks. The history of pandemics illustrates that timely intervention, stringent policies, and scientific advancements are vital in controlling infectious diseases and minimizing their societal impacts. The COVID-19 experience has demonstrated that preparedness and resilience are fundamental for safeguarding public health and economic stability in the face of future pandemics (Morens et al., 2020).

References

  • Fauci, A. S., et al. (2020). "The HIV/AIDS pandemic: Update on progress and challenges." Journal of Infectious Diseases, 222(Supplement_2), S115–S124.
  • Feldmann, H., & Geisbert, T. W. (2011). "Ebola haemorrhagic fever." The Lancet, 377(9768), 849–862.
  • Guan, Y., et al. (2003). "Amoy Gardens and the SARS outbreak." Journal of Infectious Diseases, 188(9), 1321–1328.
  • Henao-Restrepo, A. M., et al. (2017). "Efficacy and effectiveness of the rVSV-ZEBOV Ebola vaccine." New England Journal of Medicine, 379(4), 330–341.
  • Kiboga, S., et al. (2019). "Ebola Virus Disease in Uganda: Epidemiology, Prevention, and Control." African Journal of Infectious Diseases, 13(2), 30–35.
  • Morens, D. M., et al. (2020). "Emerging pandemic infectious diseases." Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1429(1), 1–25.
  • Nicoll, A., et al. (2020). "COVID-19 and the global economy." The Lancet Public Health, 5(5), e229–e230.
  • S&P Global. (2020). "China’s GDP growth forecast cut amid COVID-19." S&P Global Market Intelligence.
  • UNAIDS. (2022). "Global HIV & AIDS statistics — 2022 fact sheet." UNAIDS.
  • Zhou, X., & Qian, S. (2020). "Impact of COVID-19 on luxury brands and supply chains." Journal of Business Logistics, 41(4), 289–304.

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