Implement A Basic Calculator Using An Arduino Push Button

implement A Basic Calculator Using An Arduino Push Button

Implement a basic Calculator using an Arduino, push buttons/keypad and LEDs. The calculator must perform at least the basic arithmetic operations ADD, MULTIPLY, SUBTRACT and DIVIDE. The result may be displayed on the serial monitor, although using an LCD component is preferable. Bonus points will be awarded for use of LCD, additional functions such as FACTORIAL, ODD or EVEN, MODULUS, and PRIME FACTORS.

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Implementing a basic calculator using Arduino involves integrating hardware components like push buttons or a keypad, LEDs, and potentially an LCD display to facilitate user interaction and output visualization. This project demonstrates fundamental concepts in embedded systems programming by allowing users to perform basic arithmetic operations directly through physical inputs, with results displayed either on the serial monitor or an LCD display. Furthermore, advanced functionalities such as calculating factorials, determining if numbers are odd or even, computing modulus, and prime factorization extend the program's complexity and provide additional learning opportunities.

The essential hardware components for this project include an Arduino board (such as Arduino Uno), a keypad or multiple push buttons configured for digits and operations, LEDs for visual feedback if desired, and an LCD display for output. The keypad or push buttons should be wired properly to digital input pins, with pull-down or pull-up resistors as needed to ensure correct reading. The LCD, if used, could be based on the common 16x2 HD44780 module, connected via I2C or direct pins.

Software implementation begins by initializing the Arduino environment and defining pins for buttons and peripherals. The core logic revolves around reading user inputs sequentially to form numbers, selecting the desired arithmetic operation, and executing calculations upon command. For instance, pressing number buttons builds the current input number, and pressing an operation button stores that number and waits for the next number input. Upon pressing an 'equals' button, the program performs the selected operation and outputs the result.

Additional functions such as factorial are implemented through recursive or iterative algorithms to calculate the factorial of a given number. Functions to determine whether a number is odd or even involve simple modulo operations. Calculating the modulus involves capturing two numbers with an operation button, which then computes the remainder. Prime factorization is more computationally intensive, involving dividing the number by successive prime numbers; this can be done with a loop that tests divisibility and records prime factors.

Outputting results can be handled via the serial monitor for simplicity and debugging during development. For a more user-friendly interface, integrating an LCD display to visually present the calculation process, intermediate results, and final output is highly recommended. This requires initializing the LCD library and defining functions to update its display dynamically.

To achieve bonus points, the project can incorporate additional functions such as factorial computation, identifying odd or even numbers, calculating the modulus, and prime factorization. These features can be integrated into a menu-driven interface or toggled using dedicated buttons, with proper handling to display results clearly on the LCD or serial monitor.

In conclusion, this project encapsulates key principles of embedded system design, such as input handling, computational logic, and user feedback. Using Tinkercad for simulation allows for accessible prototyping before physical implementation. Proper documentation, including the source Arduino sketch (.ino file), a detailed report, and a link to the Tinkercad design, completes the project requirements. This foundational work can be expanded in future projects to explore more complex calculator functionalities or interface improvements.

References

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