In-Text Citations: APA Citations Should Include The Authors’

In Text Citations Apa Citations Should Include The Authors Name And

In-Text Citations APA citations should include the author’s name and the year of publication (a page number is optional). Citations go before the period, as in the examples below. Block Quotations use a block quote format for quotations 40 words or longer. In a block quote, the citation comes after the period. Double space the quote and start it on a new line, usually after a colon: Indent the entire quotation—as shown here. Do not use quotation marks. Citations for block quotes go after the period. (West, 2006, p. 3)

References all sources that are cited in a paper must be listed on a new page after the body of the paper. The page title, References, should be centered at the top of the with a hanging indent. References are listed in alphabetical order according to the first word.

If no DOI is available for an online source, include a URL. Information gathered from the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (6th ed.). Updated for 6th edition by Kyle Rollins, 6/2/10. Works by one author: (Hawthorn, 1994, p. 3). Works by two authors: (Ibsen & Red, 2001, p. 184). Works by three to five authors: (James, Smith, & Clark, 2001, p. 7). *If the same work by three to five authors is cited again, use the last name of the first author followed by et al. as shown in the next example of works by six or more authors. Works by six or more authors: (James et al., 2001, p. 17). Works from a secondary source: (as cited in Newman, 1974, p. 154). Works with no author: (“The Common Cold,” 1982). Government documents: (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1992). Book: Hawthorn, J. (1994). A glossary of literary theory (2nd ed.). London: Arnold. doi: 10.1037/.34.2.445 Periodical: Ibsen, R., & Red, A. (2001). Competition among writing processes. American Journal of Psychology, 7, . doi: 10.1080/ Newspaper article: Jackson, T. (2001, November 20). Rethinking globalization. Boston Daily News, pp. A1, A8. doi: 10.1037/.33.6.290 Online sources (no doi available): Rich, C. (2000). Scale, or the fact of. Retrieved from [URL omitted for brevity] Works with no author: The common cold brings pain and suffering to millions each year. (1982, January 24). The Kentucky Times, p. C1. doi: 10.1053/ Government document: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. (1992). Health effects of passive smoking. (EPA Publication No. 600/6-90/006 F). Washington, DC: Author. doi: 10.1098/

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Understanding the importance of proper APA citation format is essential for academic writing. Correct in-text citation not only gives credit to original authors but also enhances the credibility of the work and facilitates readers in locating sources for further study. APA (American Psychological Association) style emphasizes author-year format for in-text citations, which provides a clear and concise way to attribute ideas and quotations within the text. Proper implementation of these guidelines ensures adherence to academic integrity standards and enhances the overall quality of scholarly writing.

In APA style, in-text citations should include the author's last name and the publication year. When directly quoting or paraphrasing specific parts of a source, a page number should also be included, although it is optional. For instance, a citation might appear as (Hawthorn, 1994) or (Hawthorn, 1994, p. 3) if a specific page is referenced. This information should be placed immediately before the period at the end of the sentence. Proper placement ensures clarity and maintains the flow of the narrative (American Psychological Association, 2010).

Block quotations are used for longer passages, typically those exceeding 40 words. These should be formatted as a freestanding, indented block of text without quotation marks. The citation for a block quote appears after the concluding punctuation. The entire block should be double-spaced, starting on a new line after the introduction. For example:

West (2006) provides a detailed analysis of this approach, emphasizing the importance of context and interpretation in understanding complex texts. He notes that;

"The interpretive process requires a careful examination of textual nuances, cultural background, and the author's intent. Without this, meaning can be distorted or oversimplified" (p. 3).

All sources cited within a paper must be listed on a dedicated "References" page at the end of the document. The references should be alphabetized based on the authors' last names, with hanging indentation for each entry. The style dictates specific formats depending on the type of source, including books, journal articles, online sources, and government documents. For example, a book by Hawthorn (1994) should be cited as:

Hawthorn, J. (1994). A glossary of literary theory (2nd ed.). London: Arnold.

Similarly, journal articles include author names, publication year, article title, journal name, volume, page numbers, and DOI if available—for example:

Ibsen, R., & Red, A. (2001). Competition among writing processes. American Journal of Psychology, 7, 184–200. https://doi.org/10.xxxx/abc123

The inclusion of DOIs and URLs is essential for electronic sources. If a digital object identifier (DOI) is provided, it should be included in the reference; if not, the URL is necessary. When citing online publications without a DOI, providing the direct URL ensures accessibility.

Proper formatting extends to visual aids like tables and figures, which should be numbered and captioned sequentially. Table and figure captions are descriptive and informative, placed below the respective visual. They serve to clarify the presented data for the reader. For example, a figure showing dendritic neurons should be labeled: "Figure 1. Dendritic Neurons." A detailed caption accompanies it, explaining the figure's significance and source (Sholl, 1953).

Headings and subheadings organize sections of an APA paper, using a five-level hierarchy. Usually, students require only three levels, which include centered boldface for Level 1, flush left boldface for Level 2, and indented boldface with a period for Level 3. These help structure the content logically and improve navigability.

In summary, mastering APA citation and formatting guidelines is vital for producing credible academic documents. Accurate references, in-text citations, and well-structured sections contribute to clarity, professionalism, and adherence to scholarly standards. Regularly consulting the APA Publication Manual (6th edition) and trusted writing resources can aid students and researchers in honing their skills in academic writing and citation.

References

  • American Psychological Association. (2010). Publication manual of the American Psychological Association (6th ed.).
  • Hawthorn, J. (1994). A glossary of literary theory (2nd ed.). London: Arnold.
  • Ibsen, R., & Red, A. (2001). Competition among writing processes. American Journal of Psychology, 7, 184–200. https://doi.org/10.xxxx/abc123
  • Jackson, T. (2001, November 20). Rethinking globalization. Boston Daily News, pp. A1, A8. https://doi.org/10.1037/.33.6.290
  • Rich, C. (2000). Scale, or the fact of. Retrieved from http://www.example.com
  • Sholl, D. A. (1953). Dendritic organization in the neurons of the visual and motor cortices of the cat. J Anat, 87, 1-25.
  • U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. (1992). Health effects of passive smoking (EPA Publication No. 600/6-90/006 F). Washington, DC: Author.
  • The Kentucky Times. (1982, January 24). The common cold brings pain and suffering to millions each year. The Kentucky Times, p. C1.
  • West, R. (2006). Analyzing literary texts: Interpreting complex messages. Literary Review, 12, 1–15.
  • Works with no author. (1982, January 24). The common cold brings pain and suffering to millions each year. The Kentucky Times, p. C1.

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