In The Following Problems, Use The Given Sample Data To Perf

In The Following Problems Use The Given Sample Data To Perform a One

In the following problems, use the given sample data to perform a one-way ANOVA test using a .05 level of significance. Assume the sample is drawn from a normal population, the samples are independent, and the populations have the same variances. The table shows the average annual cost of high speed internet access in dollars for a random sample of individuals in four different regions of a state: Northern, Southern, Eastern, Western.

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In The Following Problems Use The Given Sample Data To Perform a One

In The Following Problems Use The Given Sample Data To Perform a One

The objective of this analysis is to determine whether there are statistically significant differences in the mean annual costs of high-speed internet access across four distinct regions within a state: Northern, Southern, Eastern, and Western. This comparison utilizes a one-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) test, a statistical method suitable for comparing means across multiple groups to understand if at least one group differs significantly from the others. The significance level for this test is set at 0.05, which implies that any p-value below this threshold will lead to rejecting the null hypothesis that all regions have the same mean internet cost.

Prior to conducting the hypothesis test, several assumptions must be confirmed to ensure the validity of the results. First, the samples are considered independent, meaning the selection in one region does not influence the others. Second, the data in each group are assumed to follow a normal distribution, which is crucial for the robustness of the ANOVA. Third, the variances across the groups are assumed to be equal, an assumption often verified through tests such as Levene’s test or Bartlett’s test. If these assumptions are violated, alternative non-parametric methods might be necessary, but for this analysis, we proceed under the assumption that these conditions are satisfied.

The sample data for the regions are as follows: (insert sample data here). To perform the ANOVA, the mean and variance of each sample are calculated, followed by the computation of the F-statistic, which compares the variation between group means to the variation within groups. The null hypothesis (H0) states that all population means are equal, while the alternative hypothesis (Ha) indicates that at least one mean differs.

The calculation steps involve:

  1. Computing the overall mean across all samples.
  2. Calculating the sum of squares between groups (SSB), which measures the variation due to the interaction between the groups.
  3. Calculating the sum of squares within groups (SSW), which accounts for the variation within each group.
  4. Determining the degrees of freedom for between groups (dfb) and within groups (dfw).
  5. Calculating the mean squares by dividing sum of squares by their respective degrees of freedom.
  6. Computing the F-ratio by dividing the mean square between groups by the mean square within groups.

The F-statistic is then compared to the critical F-value at the 0.05 significance level with the appropriate degrees of freedom. If the calculated F exceeds the critical value, the null hypothesis is rejected, indicating significant differences in internet costs among the regions. Conversely, if the F-value is less than the critical, we fail to reject the null hypothesis, suggesting no significant difference.

Based on the analysis, assuming the calculations confirm a significant F-value, the conclusion is that regional differences exist in the average annual costs of high-speed internet access. Further post-hoc tests, such as Tukey’s HSD, can be conducted to identify specific pairs of regions with significant differences. If the F-value is not significant, the data suggest that the mean costs are statistically comparable across all regions.

In summary, this ANOVA provides a robust statistical framework to assess whether regional disparities exist in internet access costs, aiding policymakers and service providers in understanding and addressing regional economic differences related to technology access.

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