Infectious Disease Requirement In Maryland Week 5 PA

Infectious Disease Requirement My State Is Marylandweek 5 Paper Transg

Infectious disease Requirement My state is Maryland. Week 5 Paper: Transgender Individuals with HIV/AIDS Apply the concepts of population health and epidemiology to the topic. Synthesize Course content from Weeks 1-5 according to the following sections: Introduction: Analysis of the communicable disease (causes, symptoms, mode of transmission, complications, treatment) to include demographic break down that includes age, gender, race, or other at-risk indicators (data per demographics should include mortality, morbidity, incidence, and prevalence). Determinants of Health: Define, identify and synthesize the determinants of health as related to the development of the infection. Utilize HP2020. Robust identification and description of the determinants of health with explanation of how those factors contribute to the development of this disease. Evidence supports background. Epidemiological Triad: Identify and describe all elements of the epidemiological triad: Host factors, agent factors (presence or absence), and environmental factors. Utilize the demographic break down to further describe the triad. Uses example/s, resources, to fully describe the triad. Role of the Nurse Practitioner: Succinctly define the role of the nurse practitioner according to a national nurse practitioner organization (National Board of Nursing or AANP, for example) and synthesize the role to the management of infectious diseases (surveillance, primary/secondary/tertiary interventions, reporting, data collecting, data analysis, and follow-up). This includes the integration of a model of practice which supports the implementation of an evidence-based practice. Refer to your course textbook for models of practice examples. (Curley, A. L. & Vitale, P. A. (2016). Population-Based Nursing: Concepts and Competencies for Advanced Practice (2nd ed.). New York, NY: Springer Publishing). Preparing the paper Submission Requirements Application: Use Microsoft Word™ to create the written assessment. Length: The paper (excluding the title page and reference page) should be limited to a maximum of four (5) pages. Papers not adhering to the page length may be returned to you for editing to meet the length guidelines. A minimum of three (3) scholarly research/literature references must be used. CDC or other web sources may be utilized but are not counted towards the three minimum references required. Your course text may be used as an additional resource but is not included in the three minimum scholarly references. APA format current edition. Include scholarly in-text references and a reference list. Do not write in the first person (such as “me” “I”). Follow submission requirements. Make sure all elements on the grading rubric are included. Organize the paper using the rubric sections and appropriate headings to match the sections. Rules of grammar, spelling, word usage, and punctuation are followed and consistent with formal, scientific writing. Title page, running head, body of paper, and reference page must follow APA guidelines as found in the current edition of the manual. This includes the use of headings for each section of the paper except for the introduction where no heading is used. Ideas and information that come from scholarly literature must be cited and referenced correctly. A minimum of three (3) scholarly literature references must be used.

Paper For Above instruction

The prevalence of HIV/AIDS among transgender individuals in Maryland presents a significant public health concern that necessitates a comprehensive understanding of its epidemiology, determinants, and healthcare management strategies. This paper synthesizes week 1-5 course content to analyze this communicable disease through various public health frameworks, focusing on the intersection of social determinants, epidemiology, and nursing practice roles.

Introduction: Analysis of HIV/AIDS in Transgender Individuals in Maryland

HIV/AIDS remains a critical concern among transgender populations, particularly in Maryland, where disparities persist due to social determinants and access barriers. The virus primarily transmits through unprotected sexual contact, sharing contaminated needles, and from mother to child during birth or breastfeeding (CDC, 2022). Symptoms vary with infection stage, including fever, fatigue, weight loss, and opportunistic infections in advanced stages (UNAIDS, 2021). If untreated, HIV progresses to AIDS, characterized by severely compromised immunity leading to increased morbidity and mortality (CDC, 2022). In Maryland, data indicate that transgender individuals, especially transgender women of color, exhibit higher incidence and prevalence rates of HIV/AIDS—demographics that reflect systemic inequities, including limited healthcare access and social stigma (Maryland Department of Health, 2022). The age range most affected is between 20–40 years, with racial disparities showing African American and Hispanic transgender persons as disproportionately impacted (Maryland Department of Health, 2022). Morbidity and mortality data reveal that transgender populations face higher rates of comorbidities and death related to AIDS, underscoring the need for targeted interventions.

Determinants of Health and their Role

The development and progression of HIV/AIDS among transgender individuals are heavily influenced by multiple social determinants of health. According to Healthy People 2020 (HP2020), determinants such as socioeconomic status, healthcare access, education, social support, and stigma significantly impact disease outcomes. Transgender populations frequently experience poverty, unemployment, and discrimination (Sanchez et al., 2019), which hinder timely testing, treatment initiation, and adherence. Healthcare access barriers, including lack of transgender-competent providers, contribute to delayed diagnosis and poor health outcomes (Bradford et al., 2017). Educational disparities further exacerbate misinformation, reducing engagement in preventive behaviors. Social support networks and community engagement serve as protective factors, yet stigma and discrimination often lead to social isolation and reluctance to seek care, thereby worsening health disparities. Utilizing the framework of Healthy People 2020, these determinants directly contribute to increased vulnerability and poorer outcomes for transgender individuals living with HIV/AIDS, emphasizing the need for policies addressing social inequities (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 2020).

Epidemiological Triad Analysis

The epidemiological triad for HIV/AIDS comprises host factors, agent factors, and environmental factors. The host, the transgender individual, often faces increased vulnerability due to social marginalization, mental health issues, and high-risk behaviors such as unprotected sex and substance use (Baral et al., 2013). The agent is the human immunodeficiency virus, which persists in bodily fluids like blood, semen, and vaginal secretions; transmission occurs when these fluids come into contact with mucous membranes or blood (CDC, 2022). The environmental factors include societal stigma, limited access to healthcare services, discriminatory policies, and marginalized community settings, which facilitate ongoing transmission and hinder intervention efforts (Clifford et al., 2020). Demographically, the triad highlights that young adult transgender women of color are particularly vulnerable due to intersecting social and health vulnerabilities, which reinforce the triad's components. For example, stigma in healthcare settings reduces screening rates, while social environments lacking harm reduction resources fuel ongoing transmission.

Role of the Nurse Practitioner

The nurse practitioner (NP) plays a pivotal role in managing HIV/AIDS among transgender populations. According to the American Association of Nurse Practitioners (AANP), NPs are qualified to provide comprehensive care, including screening, diagnosis, treatment, and ongoing management of infectious diseases (AANP, 2023). Their roles encompass surveillance activities such as routine HIV testing, reporting of cases to public health authorities, and data collection to monitor disease trends. NPs also implement primary prevention strategies through education on safe sex practices, PrEP (pre-exposure prophylaxis), and linkage to care. Secondary interventions focus on early detection and treatment initiation, while tertiary strategies involve managing comorbidities and preventing opportunistic infections (Curley & Vitale, 2016). The integration of evidence-based models like the Chronic Care Model allows NPs to coordinate multidisciplinary care tailored to transgender individuals’ unique needs, fostering better adherence and health outcomes. NPs advocate for policies that reduce barriers and promote health equity, directly contributing to improved infectious disease management.

Conclusion

The intersection of social determinants, epidemiological factors, and healthcare practices significantly influences the burden of HIV/AIDS among transgender individuals in Maryland. Addressing these multifaceted factors requires an integrated approach involving policy change, community engagement, and evidence-based clinical practice. Nurse practitioners are essential in advancing this goal through comprehensive screening, education, treatment, and advocacy, ultimately reducing disparities and improving health outcomes for this vulnerable population.

References

  • American Association of Nurse Practitioners. (2023). Role of nurse practitioners in infectious disease management. https://www.aanp.org
  • Baral, S., Poteat, T., Strömdahl, S., et al. (2013). Worldwide burden of HIV in transgender women: A systematic review and meta-analysis. The Lancet Infectious Diseases, 13(3), 214-222.
  • Bradford, J., Coleman, S., & Armstrong, J. (2017). HIV prevention, care, and treatment among transgender persons: A review of the literature. American Journal of Public Health, 107(5), e1-e8.
  • Clifford, A., Franks, K., & Rock, M. (2020). Environmental barriers to HIV prevention among transgender populations. Social Science & Medicine, 258, 113111.
  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). (2022). HIV among transgender people. https://www.cdc.gov/hiv/group/gender/transgender
  • Maryland Department of Health. (2022). Maryland HIV/AIDS surveillance report. https://health.maryland.gov
  • Sanchez, T. H., Sionean, C., Chen, M., et al. (2019). Sociodemographic disparities and barriers to healthcare among transgender persons. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 56(3), 392-399.
  • UNAIDS. (2021). Global AIDS update 2021. https://www.unaids.org
  • U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. (2020). Healthy People 2020 objectives for HIV. https://www.healthypeople.gov
  • Curley, A. L., & Vitale, P. A. (2016). Population-Based Nursing: Concepts and Competencies for Advanced Practice (2nd ed.). Springer Publishing.

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