Instructions You Will Need To Watch Two YouTube Microbiolo ✓ Solved

Instructions You Will Need To Watch Two Youtubes1 Microbiology Steri

Instructions: You will need to Watch two youtubes 1. Microbiology sterilization techniquesP: , disinfection and antisepsis: Try to cover these terms: Sterlization , disinfection, antispetic, antimicrobial, Radiation, UV, X ray, gamma ray, cold vs hot temp, filtration, bacteriostatic and bacteriocidal etc. Most of these terms are part of chapter 11. 2. htttp:// this cover an interesting topic that is part of end of chapter 9 and part of chapter 12. JUST IN CASE THIS LINK DOES NOT WORK, Just type ANIMATION OF ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE IN YOU TUBE WINDOW. Watch you tube and write summary/description of all the terms which you came across in this video. 1 page summary to be submitted in your own words from both videos.

Sample Paper For Above instruction

The process of sterilization and disinfection plays a crucial role in microbiology, especially in controlling microbial pathogens and ensuring sterile conditions in medical and laboratory settings. The first YouTube video focused on various sterilization techniques, including physical and chemical methods, emphasizing the importance of eliminating all forms of microbial life on surfaces and instruments. Termed sterilization, this method aims for complete destruction of microbes, unlike disinfection, which reduces microbial populations to safe levels but does not necessarily kill all microorganisms. Antiseptics, another key term, refer to substances applied to living tissues to inhibit or destroy microbes, preventing infection during procedures.

Throughout the video, several antimicrobial agents and techniques were discussed. Radiation methods like ultraviolet (UV), X-ray, and gamma-ray treatment utilize different energy wavelengths to damage microbial DNA, leading to microbial death. UV light, with its short wavelength, causes thymine dimers in DNA, inhibiting replication, whereas gamma rays penetrate tissues more deeply. Cold sterilization methods, such as filtration—particularly membrane filtration—are effective for heat-sensitive liquids, physically removing bacteria and viruses without heat exposure. Hot methods, like autoclaving, utilize moist heat and pressure, which are highly effective for sterilizing surgical tools and laboratory equipment.

The chart also covered bacteriostatic and bacteriocidal effects of antimicrobial agents—bacteriostatic agents halt bacterial growth, allowing immune defenses to eliminate pathogens, whereas bacteriocidal agents kill bacteria directly. Chemical agents like phenolics, alcohols, and halogens (e.g., iodine, chlorine) were also discussed in relation to their use in disinfection and antisepsis. An important aspect covered was the difference between sterilization, disinfection, and antisepsis, emphasizing their specific applications and effectiveness.

The second YouTube video, which I located by searching “Animation of Antimicrobial Resistance” on YouTube, explored the growing problem of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). It explained how overuse and misuse of antibiotics in humans and animals have led to the evolution of resistant strains. The video depicted the mechanisms by which bacteria develop resistance, including gene transfer, mutation, and selective pressure, demonstrating how resistant bacteria survive antimicrobial treatments that once effectively killed susceptible strains.

Several terms were encountered, including antibiotic resistance, multiresistant bacteria, horizontal gene transfer, and mechanisms like enzymatic degradation of antibiotics, alteration of target sites, and active efflux pump systems. These mechanisms allow bacteria to evade the effects of antimicrobials, leading to treatment failures and persistent infections. The video also underscored the importance of developing new drugs, practicing antibiotic stewardship, and implementing infection control measures to combat AMR worldwide.

In summary, both videos provided a comprehensive overview of microbiological control methods and the challenges posed by antimicrobial resistance. Understanding these terms and concepts is vital for healthcare professionals to prevent infections and utilize antimicrobials responsibly, ensuring effective treatment options for the future.

References

  • Madigan, M. T., Bender, K. S., Buckley, D. H., Sattley, W. M., & Stahl, D. A. (2018). Brock Biology of Microorganisms (15th ed.). Pearson.
  • Levy, S. B., & Marshall, B. (2004). Antibacterial resistance worldwide: Causes, challenges and responses. Nature Medicine, 10(12), S122-S129.
  • CDC. (2019). Antibiotic Resistance Threats in the United States. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
  • World Health Organization. (2021). Global antimicrobial resistance surveillance system (GLASS) report.
  • Davies, J., & Davies, D. (2010). Origins and evolution of antibiotic resistance. Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews, 74(3), 417-433.
  • Martínez, J. L. (2008). Antibiotics and antibiotic resistance genes in natural environments. Science, 321(5887), 365-367.
  • Ventola, C. L. (2015). The antibiotic resistance crisis: part 1: causes and threats. Pharmacy and Therapeutics, 40(4), 277-283.
  • Allen, H. K., Looft, T., Bayard, H., et al. (2014). Antibiotics in agriculture and the environment: are they a threat to human health? Nature Reviews Microbiology, 12, 362–366.
  • World Health Organization. (2015). Global action plan on antimicrobial resistance.
  • Zhou, R., & Law, C. M. (2020). Emerging antimicrobial resistance mechanisms. Trends in Microbiology, 28(4), 255-268.

Related Assignments