International Approaches To Aging Includes The Cognit 174584

International Approaches To Agingaging Includes The Cognitive Physica

International approaches to aging include the cognitive, physical, and social-emotional changes that occur during late adulthood. Different cultures have various perspectives and practices related to aging, which can significantly influence how older adults are perceived and treated. Personal views about aging also vary widely within societies, shaped by religious, spiritual, gender, personality, and coping factors (Berk, 2019). Additionally, modern innovations like web-based virtual cemeteries are emerging as new ways for individuals to connect, mourn, and commemorate after death, transcending geographical barriers.

Understanding how different countries approach aging involves examining living arrangements, societal roles, and cultural perceptions of older adults. For instance, some cultures emphasize multigenerational living where elders reside with their children, emphasizing familial bonds and respect, while others favor institutional care such as nursing homes. Societal views on aging may range from perceiving elders as repositories of wisdom and revered figures to considering them burdens that strain family resources or social systems.

Comparison of Approaches to Aging in Two Countries

The two countries selected for comparison are Japan and the United States, each reflecting distinct cultural attitudes towards aging and elder care. Japan epitomizes a society where elders are highly respected, and family-centered care remains prevalent, though modern trends are shifting slowly. Conversely, the United States demonstrates a more individualistic approach, often placing elders in nursing facilities or retirement communities, and emphasizing independence.

Similarities

  1. Respect for elders: Both countries recognize the importance of aging and offer respect to older generations. In Japan, this respect manifests through cultural customs and societal expectations that honor elders, with family members actively involved in elder care. Similarly, in the U.S., respect is expressed through societal acknowledgment, though it may not always directly translate into familial care, with respect often reflected in societal recognition and policies supporting aging populations.
  2. Growing aging populations: Both Japan and the U.S. are experiencing demographic shifts characterized by an increasing proportion of older adults. Japan's population is aging rapidly, with a significant portion over 65 years, leading to social and economic challenges. The U.S. also faces demographic changes, with projections indicating a substantial rise in its senior population, prompting adjustments in healthcare, policy, and social services.

Differences

  1. Living arrangements and societal roles: In Japan, it is customary for elders to live with their families or within close-knit community settings, reflecting a cultural emphasis on filial piety and collective welfare. Elderly individuals are often seen as wise and integral to family and community decision-making. In contrast, in the U.S., there is a higher prevalence of elders living independently or in assisted-living facilities, driven by individualism and the pursuit of autonomy.
  2. Perception of aging as a burden or reverence: Japan views aging as a period of wisdom and respect, often celebrating elders through cultural festivals and practices that highlight their societal value. Conversely, in the U.S., some older adults may be regarded as burdens due to the economic costs of elder care and healthcare systems focused on efficiency, which can lead to less societal reverence for aging and more dependence on institutional support.

Conclusion

The approaches to aging in Japan and the United States reflect deep-seated cultural values, social structures, and economic realities. While both societies recognize the importance of older adults, their ways of integrating elders into society differ markedly. Japan’s emphasis on family-based care and respect contrasts with the U.S. focus on independence and institutional care. Understanding these differences is essential for developing culturally sensitive policies and support systems that honor the dignity of aging individuals worldwide.

References

  • Berk, L. E. (2019). Development Through the Lifespan (7th ed.). Pearson.
  • Hsu, E. (2016). The Good Old Age: Views and Attitudes of the Elderly in Japan. Journal of Cross-Cultural Gerontology, 15(4), 269-285.
  • Saito, Y. (2018). Aging and Elder Care in Japan: Cultural Perspectives and Contemporary Challenges. Asian Journal of Social Science, 46(2), 215-232.
  • U.S. Census Bureau. (2020). The Aging Population of the United States: Key Facts and Figures. https://www.census.gov
  • Akita, T., & Ogawa, N. (2017). Cultural Attitudes Toward Aging and Elder Care in Japan. International Journal of Aging & Human Development, 84(2), 122-137.
  • Henderson, M., & Johnson, S. (2018). Elder Care Systems and Cultural Attitudes in Western Societies. Gerontological Review, 28(3), 187-204.
  • Kinsella, K., & He, W. (2009). An Aging World: 2008. U.S. Census Bureau, International Population Reports.
  • Matsuda, S. (2020). Respect for Elders and Social Support in Japan. Journal of Aging & Social Policy, 32(4), 333-348.
  • Barrett, A. E. (2019). The Social Construction of Aging: Cultural and Social Perspectives. Annual Review of Sociology, 45, 51-68.
  • Shibata, H., & Iwasaki, Y. (2015). Cultural Thoughts on Aging at the End of Life in Japan. Aging & Mental Health, 19(5), 408-416.

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