IT306 ExcelTrack Module Preview Cloud Services Management

IT306 ExcelTrack Module Preview Cloud Services Management Term 1902B IT350

It306exceltrack Module Previewcloud Services Managementterm 1902bpage

IT306 ExcelTrack Module Preview Cloud Services Management Term 1902B IT350 Module Preview Advanced Database Concepts Task 2 - Testing Security Flaws Purpose Bike Stores is implementing a new website to allow online bike purchases. In support of this, a stored procedure called GetUser has been created to retrieve a customer record using the customer’s first name, last name, and password supplied from a website form. From your research on database security, you notice that there is a serious security concern with the GetUser procedure. You have established a series of SQL statements to test for GetUser security flaws. These statements will be used with two temporary tables called staffs_temp and order_items_temp , which are copies of the staffs and order_items tables, respectively.

Assessment Instructions You must have SQL Server Express and SQL Server Management Studio (SSMS) installed to perform this assessment task. The sample database for this module is called BikeStores . Download the Database Design Diagram below. · Bikestores Database Design Diagram Use the BikeStores database design diagram for your stored procedure assessment.. Please copy each SQL statement into a Microsoft® Word® document. Below that, enter a screenshot of the execution of the SQL showing the code and the resulting output.

Below that, enter text explaining the SQL statement and outcome. What has occurred? Was there an adverse impact from the SQL statement execution? Task 2.1 - Dynamic SQL Statements Without Binding Execute the individual SQL statements contained within the following text file in a Microsoft SSMS query window: · BikeStores SQL Injection Commands After executing these statements, explain why the GetUser stored procedure is problematic. Did any unauthorized data modifications occur?

Did data corruption occur? Were any tables improperly dropped from the database? Task 2.2 - Dynamic SQL Statements With Binding Based on the Task 2.1 results, the GetUser stored procedure has been revised and replaced with a stored procedure called GetUserWithBind . Execute the individual SQL statements contained within the following text file in a Microsoft SSMS query window: · BikeStores SQL Injection Commands With Binding After executing these statements, explain whether the GetUserWithBind stored procedure has solved the security issues uncovered in Task 2.1. If the security issues have been resolved, explain how it was accomplished.

Perform research and briefly describe the binding parameter concept. Below is a table contrasting the use of “ execute †versus “ execute sp_executesql †in Microsoft SQL Server. EXEC or EXECUTE EXEC sp_executesql Parameterization is not possible Parameterization is possible Risk of SQL injection is high Risk of SQL injection is lower An EXEC call wastes a lot of space in the plan cache It gets cached like a stored procedure without wasting white spaces if parameterization is used It does not force a plan to be cached It forces the plan to be cached at first execution Task 3 - Security Implementation Purpose The owners of Bike Stores want to implement a greater level of security within the company database.

You will explore the implementation of permissions, roles, data masking, and column encryption into the database structure. These measures can help maintain the confidentiality and integrity of sensitive data contained within the BikeStores database. Assessment Instructions You must have Microsoft SQL Server Express and SQL Server Management Studio (SSMS) installed to perform this assessment task. The sample database for this module is called BikeStores . Download the Database Design Diagram below. · Bikestores Database Design Diagram Use the BikeStores database design diagram for your database security implementation.

Please copy each SQL statement into a Microsoft® Word® report document. Below that, enter a screenshot of the execution of the SQL showing the code and the resulting output. Below that, enter text explaining the SQL statement and outcome. Please note that you do not have to show all query output records in your report document. Task 3.1 - Establish a Table Holding Customer Credit Card Data A new table needs to be created in the BikeStores database to store customer credit card information.

The table creation script and instructions can be accessed via the following: · Instructions for Establishing the BikeStores Customer Credit Cards Table · Create Customer Credit Cards Table Script Provide a brief overview of what occurs in the table creation script. What constraints are imposed on the Sales.Customer_Credit_Cards table? Task 3.2 - Permissions and Roles Generate and execute SQL statements to establish the following roles in the BikeStores database: GeneralUser and Salesperson. Establish and execute SQL statements that grant the following permissions to these roles: ROLE TABLE PERMISSION Salesperson Sales.Staffs SELECT Salesperson Sales.Customers SELECT INSERT UPDATE DELETE GeneralUser Sales.Customers SELECT Salesperson Sales.Customer_Credit_Cards SELECT INSERT UPDATE DELETE GeneralUser Sales.Customer_Credit_Cards SELECT Then execute the SQL statements contained in the following text file to verify the incorporated roles/permissions: · BikeStores Role Application Statements Provide a description of the applied roles/permissions contained in the text file.

What can the applicable users do in the BikeStores database? Did any query errors occur? If yes, why? Task 3.3 - Data Masking Execute the SQL statements contained in the following text file to implement data masking on two attributes: · BikeStores Masking Application Commands Discuss what transpires with each command/statement. Task 3.4 - Column Encryption BikeStores management has decided that masking customer credit card numbers does not provide sufficient protection.

You have now been asked to encrypt the credit card numbers in the database. Execute the SQL statements contained in the following text file to encrypt customer credit card numbers: · Bike Stores Encryption Commands Discuss what transpires with each command/statement. What is the difference between symmetric and asymmetric keys? What are the challenges associated with each encryption key type? After you receive access to each module, you will be able to see the submission requirements and a Checklist Rubric for the Competency Assessment.

Paper For Above instruction

Introduction

The integration of security measures within relational databases is critical for safeguarding sensitive information from malicious exploits and unauthorized access. The BikeStores database serves as a practical example for implementing and testing security functionalities such as stored procedures, dynamic SQL, permissions, data masking, and encryption. This paper evaluates security flaws, examines solutions, and discusses best practices for securing database objects and sensitive data.

Task 2: Testing for Security Flaws in Stored Procedures

The initial step involved assessing the stored procedure GetUser, which retrieves customer data based on input parameters. Executing SQL commands without binding revealed significant vulnerabilities, notably susceptibility to SQL injection attacks. These happen because unsanitized user input is directly concatenated into SQL statements, creating opportunities for malicious actors to alter query logic. For instance, executing crafted input that injects SQL code can lead to unauthorized data access or modification, disruption of database integrity, or dropping critical tables.

The security flaw in GetUser primarily stems from dynamic SQL execution that does not employ parameter binding. This makes the database vulnerable to injection attacks, risking unauthorized data exfiltration and potential data corruption or destruction. Post-execution, evidence may show unintended data being accessed or tables being dropped, which would confirm the adverse impact.

To address this vulnerability, the revised stored procedure, GetUserWithBind, employs parameterized queries using sp_executesql, which separates SQL code from data. This change significantly reduces SQL injection risks by ensuring user inputs are treated strictly as data, not executable code. Executing the same injection commands against GetUserWithBind demonstrated that the novelty of injecting malicious SQL was neutralized, thus safeguarding database integrity.

The concept of parameter binding involves passing parameters explicitly to dynamic SQL, which mitigates injection by treating parameters as non-executable data. In SQL Server, using sp_executesql allows for parameterization, which results in efficient plan caching and reduced risk compared to executing ad hoc dynamic SQL with EXEC. Bound parameters prevent malicious inputs from altering the logic of SQL commands.

Task 3: Implementing Database Security Measures

\The implementation of comprehensive security features like role-based permissions, data masking, and encryption fortifies the database against external threats. Establishing a dedicated table for customer credit card data with constraints such as primary keys, foreign keys, and specific data types enforces data integrity and compliance.

Creating roles like GeneralUser and Salesperson involves defining specific permissions. Granting SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, and DELETE privileges appropriately ensures users access only what is necessary to perform their roles, following the principle of least privilege. Errors in permissions often occur due to misalignments or lack of explicit grants. Properly structured role permissions prevent unauthorized access and accidental modifications, which safeguard data confidentiality.

Data masking is a technique that obfuscates sensitive data yet retains its usability in queries. Executing SQL statements to implement masking modifies how data appears in query results, offering an additional layer of privacy. For example, masking credit card numbers ensures that users see only the last few digits unless authorized to view plaintext data.

Recognizing that masking alone is insufficient for highly sensitive data, encryption provides a more robust safeguard. Using symmetric key encryption to secure credit card numbers involves the same key for encrypting and decrypting, which simplifies key management but demands strict access controls. Asymmetric encryption uses a public-private key pair, offering higher security but introducing complexity.

Encrypting credit card data using symmetric keys involves creating a key, encrypting data with it, and later decrypting as needed. Decrypting requires access to the key, so key management is crucial. Asymmetric encryption involves generating a key pair, encrypting data with the public key, and decrypting with the private key, which enhances security but requires more complex infrastructure. Challenges include key management, potential performance impacts, and ensuring secure key storage.

Conclusion

In conclusion, securing a database like BikeStores requires a multifaceted approach, incorporating foundational principles such as input validation, parameterization, user role management, data masking, and encryption. Addressing SQL injection vulnerabilities via parameterized procedures ensures data integrity and prevents malicious exploitation. Implementing role-based permissions and data masking safeguards sensitive data from unauthorized access, while encryption provides a strong defense for highly sensitive information like credit card numbers. Maintaining vigilant database security practices is essential to protect organizational data assets, comply with regulatory standards, and foster customer trust.

References

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