Journal Analysis On Decentralization By Ankit Sinha

6journal Analysis On Decentralizationankit Sinhaorganizational Theoryj

Decentralization refers to the process in which the activities of an organization are delegated away from the central authoritative individual. The authors of this article are Youssef El Faqir, Javier Arroyo, and Samer Hassan. Faqir is a lecturer in the software engineering and artificial intelligence department at Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain. Arroyo is a professor at the Institute of knowledge technology at Universidad Complutense, de Madrid, Spain. Hassan is a professor at Harvard University.

The authors present an argument on the decentralized autonomous organizations on blockchain technology. Generally, decentralized organizations disseminate powers, responsibilities, and functions away from the central authority. Delegating responsibilities increases the efficiency of all the business operations, thus increasing their performance. There are significant benefits that I have witnessed associated with decentralization in business firms. The first benefit associated with decentralization is a fast-decision-making process.

Pushing the decision-making powers to the lower operational levels has made them fast and even better than it is in centralized organizations. Journal analysis on decentralization Article link : Definition Decentralization refers to the process in which the activities of an organization are delegated away from the central authoritative individual. These activities include all an organization's decision-making and planning processes (Hanson, 2022). Under this organizational structure, the top manager in a company will distribute the decision-making powers to other junior managers in a firm. Summary of the article The authors of this article are Youssef El Faqir, Javier Arroyo, and Samer Hassan.

Faqir is a lecturer in the software engineering and artificial intelligence department at Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain. Arroyo is a professor at the Institute of knowledge technology at Universidad Complutense, de Madrid, Spain. Hassan is a professor at Harvard University. The authors present an argument on the decentralized autonomous organizations on blockchain technology. They claim blockchain technologies do not need centralized authority, especially for Bitcoin and other crypto-currencies.

In crypto-currencies, decentralized autonomous organizations (DAOs) have emerged as a common form of governance (El Faqir, Arroyo, & Hassan, 2020). Communities organize themselves in a decentralized structure. The authors also review the software platforms such as DAOstack, Aragon, Colony, and DAOhaus that simplify the use and creation of DAO by non-blockchain experts. The authors have thus effectively explained the importance of decentralized governance in blockchains. Therefore, readers should put weight on this article because it shows the importance of decentralization in business operations.

Discussion In recent years, organizations have shifted their focus from centralized power systems to decentralized administrative processes. There are three primary forms of administrative decentralization in organizations. They include delegation, deconcentration, and devolution. However, the most common form of decentralization in many organizations is delegation. Here, authorities distribute their administrative responsibilities to the other junior managers in an organization.

All the decision-making powers are allocated to various managerial levels in the organizational hierarchy. Generally, decentralized organizations disseminate powers, responsibilities, and functions away from the central authority. Delegating responsibilities increases the efficiency of all the business operations, thus increasing their performance. There are significant benefits that I have witnessed associated with decentralization in business firms. The first benefit associated with decentralization is a fast decision-making process.

Pushing the decision-making powers to the lower operational levels has made them fast and even better than it is in centralized organizations. Decentralization also encourages confidence and self-sufficiency among the subordinates since they have to rely on their judgments. Additionally, subordinates get the chance to prove their capabilities, thus increasing the pool of competent workforce. Decentralization has also been a reliever to the top management since it reduces the extent of direct supervision over the subordinates. This allows the top management to have adequate time to make policy decisions.

Decentralization also encourages competition among different departments within an organization, thus increasing their productivity levels. An organization can get more returns with increased productivity, thus facilitating growth. Decentralization also makes it easy to measure the performance at each organizational level. This makes it to hold a department accountable for its results separately. It also helps determine every department's contributions to attaining organizational goals.

Lastly, the communication process becomes effective as decentralization enhances strong relations between the subordinates and superiors. References El Faqir, Y., Arroyo, J., & Hassan, S. (2020, August). An overview of decentralized autonomous organizations on the blockchain. In Proceedings of the 16th international symposium on open collaboration (pp. 1-8). Hanson, A. H. (2022). Decentralization. In Planning and the Politicians (pp. ). Routledge. © 2021 Post University, Waterbury, CT ALL RIGHTS RESERVED Due: 11:59 pm, Sunday of Unit 3 Total Points: 100 Overview: For this week’s assignment, you will be submitting a full introduction to your Research Paper. This is third of five assignments which will make up the Research Paper. For this assignment, you will define human trafficking and provide an introduction to your topic. Instructions: • Introduce and define your topic. • Explain why this area of human trafficking is significant. • Identify the areas/populations this type of trafficking traditionally effects. • Include any additional information which you feel is required to help your audience to better understand your paper. • Include at least 1 resource to support your writing. Requirements: • 1 full page, double-spaced, not including title page and reference page. • Follow APA formatting guidelines, including: title page, running heads, page numbers, 12 point Times New Roman font, 1-inch margins, in-text citations and reference page. • Include at least two resources to support your writing. • This paper will be checked for originality so make sure you use paraphrasing appropriately and cite your resources. Be sure to read the criteria, by which your paper/project will be evaluated, before you write, and again after you write. CRJ322- Human Trafficking, A Hidden Crime Unit 3 Assignment: Research Paper Introduction © 2021 Post University, Waterbury, CT ALL RIGHTS RESERVED Evaluation Rubric for Research Paper Introduction Assignment Criteria Deficient Needs Improvement Proficient Exemplary () Definition of Topic Topic is either not defined, or the topic is not related to human trafficking. Topic is defined, but details are vague or confusing. May not relate to a specific type of human trafficking. Topic is defined and relates to a specific type of human trafficking. Topic is clearly defined and relates to a specific type of human trafficking. Explanation of Topic Explanation of the topic is non- existent, vague, or may be missing key pieces of information related to the content of the paper. Explanation of the topic is present. Details are mostly clear. Contents of the rest of the paper are mostly outlined. Explanation is developed and provides basic outline of the purpose and content of the paper. Explanation is well-developed and clearly outlines the purpose and content of the paper. () Resources No resources are included. 1 resource is included, but evidence is either not well analyzed or does not have a clear connection to the topic. 1 resource is included. Evidence is analyzed and mostly helps to develop the audience’s understanding of the topic. 1 resource is included. Evidence is clearly analyzed and adds to the audience’s understanding of the topic. Paper Length Less than 1 page in length. 1 page in length. 1-2 pages in length. More than 2 APA Formatting There are more than 3 APA formatting errors. There are 2-3 APA formatting errors. There are 1-2 APA formatting errors. There are no APA formatting errors. Spelling and Grammar There are more than 3 spelling and/or grammatical mistakes. There are 2-3 spelling and/or grammatical mistakes There are 1-2 spelling and/or grammatical mistakes There are no spelling or grammatical mistakes.

Paper For Above instruction

Introduction to Human Trafficking: A Critical Examination

Human trafficking is a grievous violation of human rights that involves the exploitation of individuals through force, fraud, or coercion for various exploitative purposes, including forced labor, sexual slavery, and involuntary servitude. It is a clandestine and multifaceted crime that affects millions worldwide, transcending national borders and socio-economic boundaries. This issue is of paramount significance because it not only infringes on basic human rights but also fuels transnational crime, undermines attempts at social stability, and perpetuates cycles of violence and poverty, especially within vulnerable populations.

The gravity of human trafficking lies in its subtle yet widespread nature, often concealed behind seemingly legitimate industries or social sectors. Victims of human trafficking are predominantly women and children, although men are also affected. Women and girls are frequently trafficked for sexual exploitation, while men and boys might be exploited for forced labor in industries such as agriculture, construction, and manufacturing. Geographically, trafficking predominantly impacts regions with high levels of poverty, political instability, and weak law enforcement, including parts of Southeast Asia, Sub-Saharan Africa, Eastern Europe, and Latin America.

Understanding the dynamics of human trafficking is crucial for developing effective intervention strategies. It is essential to acknowledge the diverse methods traffickers use, including deceptive recruitment, coercion, and abuse of power, making eradication challenging. Moreover, recognizing the socio-economic factors that facilitate trafficking, such as poverty, lack of education, and social marginalization, can inform targeted prevention initiatives. Addressing human trafficking requires a multifaceted approach, involving legal measures, victim support services, and increased awareness among communities and policymakers.

Research by the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime highlights that human trafficking generates billions of dollars annually, making it one of the most profitable illegal enterprises globally (UNODC, 2021). Its ripple effects threaten societal stability and compromise human dignity, emphasizing the importance of comprehensive policies and international cooperation to combat this crime effectively. Awareness and coordinated efforts are vital to protect victims and dismantle trafficking networks, ensuring justice for those affected and promoting human rights globally.

References

• United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC). (2021). Global Report on Trafficking in Persons. https://www.unodc.org/unodc/en/data-and-analysis/glotip.html
• Zimmerman, C., Hossain, M., & Watts, C. (2011). Human Trafficking and Health: A Conceptual Model to Inform Policy, Intervention and Research. Social Science & Medicine, 73(2), 327-335. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2011.06.054