Just Need Responses To Only 5 Of The Following Please Use Ex

Just Need Responses To Only 5 Of The Following Please Use Examples E

1. Please respond as if in discussion to the following; Sensory memory is the shortest form of memory. It is the capability of remembering impressions of sensory data after the original stimuli have ended (Mastin, 2010). Sensory memory is collected through our five senses; taste, touch, sight, hearing, and smell. It deteriorates from our memory very quickly. Sensory memory is the component of perception that exhibits the fundamental step of short-term memory (Mastin, 2010). Also, it allows an individual to recollect information in seconds. For instance, if I showed someone a picture of an African jungle, they should be able to cite important details about the picture. The information is stored in their short-term memory and some data may be transferred over to one's long-term memory.

2. Please respond as if in discussion; I think that sensory memory is not only important but impressive. It sorts out important information without us consciously deeming it important and will either forget it or send it to the secondary memory. It is impressive because it can sort through important information, granted it may be due to recitation. Think how much useless information that we would have stored if it were not due to the sensory memory. We would probably have all sorts of stupid little bits stuck in our heads waiting to fade with time.

3. Please respond as if in discussion; In this section of the reading, I learned a bit of the history of how it was thought for many years that memory was stored in one particular area of the brain. It was also believed that the brain held file cabinet-like areas which held personal experience. I know now that approximately half of that statement was accurate. As it turns out, experiences are held throughout different regions within the brain which are appropriate to the cues of when and where it was collected. Yes, we continue to believe that the brain stores information like a file cabinet. The question today is still in which particular pattern or process this data is put away safely for retrieval purposes.

4. Please respond as if in discussion; Working memory is a system of many different functions responsible for conscious awareness. The components that make up this system are the central executive, visuospatial sketch pad, phonological loop, and the episodic buffer. Each plays a different role but is connected in the storing and retrieving of information. The phonological loop is responsible for the information of verbal material and the visuospatial sketch pad is responsible for information of visual material. It is suggested that the information of the two can be integrated through a temporary system known as episodic buffering. This information is directed and chosen from the central executive which applies the functioning of working memory to cognitive tasks.

5. Please respond as if in discussion; Short term memory is most interesting to me because it is a difficult task to accomplish. It has been proven that if you want to remember random items they have to be minimal in size and the more lengthy they are requires some additional skills. To cast random numbers and letters consisting of more than 12 items will be most successful with the technique of chunking. Chunking is when you take a random string of letters or numbers and group them together to make an abbreviation or something of significance to the reader. I believe because the average person's short-term memory only lasts 20 to 30 seconds, a method like chunking is necessary. It is used to teach students, in advertisement, and writing. If short-term formation is not rehearsed in a 20-second time frame it is forgotten; if rehearsal is not done, the information decays according to Galotti (2014). The example used is an excellent example of how rehearsing information does save it to our long-term memory: "If I tell you my phone number and you fail to do something to remember it (say, by rehearsing it or writing it down), you'll be able to remember it only for a maximum of about 30 seconds. After that time, the memory trace will simply decay, and the information will be lost" (pg. 106 Galotti, 2014). Class, what other information do we rehearse to remember later on? My answer is songs. What do you think?

Paper For Above instruction

Memory is a fundamental cognitive function that enables individuals to encode, store, and retrieve information essential for daily functioning and learning. Among the various types of memory, sensory memory is the shortest-lived, acting as a fleeting impression of sensory input that lasts only a few seconds. Sensory memory is collected through our five senses—taste, touch, sight, hearing, and smell—and serves as an initial filter for information, deciding what is significant enough to transfer into short-term memory (Mastin, 2010). For instance, when observing a vibrant jungle scene, sensory memory allows us to recall fleeting details such as the sounds of exotic birds or the vivid colors of the foliage, even after the stimulus is gone. This rapid, automatic processing is critical in allowing our brains to focus on relevant stimuli amidst the barrage of sensory information encountered constantly.

Moreover, sensory memory's efficiency in filtering vital stimuli demonstrates its impressive role in everyday life. It sorts through a vast amount of irrelevant data, retaining only what might be important, which is then encoded into short-term memory. For example, when listening to a conversation in a noisy room, our sensory memory helps us focus on the speaker’s voice, filtering out background noise, so we can process the conversation further. Without this automatic filtering, our memory system would be overwhelmed with trivial noise, making learning and perception exceedingly difficult. Sensory memory’s rapid decay—usually within seconds—necessitates quick transfer of information to working or long-term memory if it is to be retained for more extended periods (Mastin, 2010). This process highlights its crucial role in daily cognition, acting as a gateway to more durable memory systems.

Understanding the evolution of memory theories reveals that the brain's storage approach is far more complex than earlier beliefs suggested. Historically, scientists thought memory resided in specific brain areas, akin to a filing cabinet, where experiences and information were stored in isolated sections. However, current research shows that memories are distributed across different regions of the brain, corresponding to the nature and context of the stored information. For example, emotional memories tend to activate the amygdala, while visual memories involve the occipital lobe (Squire, 2009). This interconnected network allows for a dynamic and flexible memory system, where information is stored in a pattern that aligns with the stimuli's cues. This shift from a static 'file cabinet' model to a distributed process underscores the brain's remarkable capacity for complex, context-dependent memory processing.

Working memory, a vital aspect of cognitive function, encompasses multiple components responsible for conscious information processing. The central executive acts as the control system, directing attention and coordinating the activities of two subsidiary systems: the phonological loop and the visuospatial sketchpad. The phonological loop handles verbal and auditory information, such as remembering a phone number or following spoken instructions. Conversely, the visuospatial sketchpad manages visual and spatial data, like visualizing a route or recalling the layout of a room (Baddeley & Hitch, 1974). These components work together seamlessly, with the episodic buffer integrating information across these systems to form coherent, episodic memories. For example, when solving a puzzle, visual information from the visuospatial sketchpad and verbal instructions maintained in the phonological loop are combined and managed under the guidance of the central executive. This intricate coordination underscores the complexity of working memory and its essential role in reasoning, problem-solving, and learning.

Short-term memory holds a special fascination due to its limited capacity and fleeting nature. It typically lasts only 20 to 30 seconds without rehearsal, storing roughly 5 to 9 items—an estimate that can be expanded through strategies like chunking. Chunking groups individual pieces of information into meaningful units; for example, remembering a phone number as three chunks instead of twelve separate digits facilitates retention. For instance, a student trying to memorize a list of random words might cluster related words together (e.g., grouping 'dog,' 'cat,' and 'rabbit' as animals) to improve recall. As Galotti (2014) explained, rehearsal is essential for transferring information from short-term to long-term memory, preventing decay. Rehearsing a new vocabulary word multiple times or repeating a phone number ensures it remains accessible beyond the initial brief window of short-term memory (Galotti, 2014). Beyond numbers, people frequently rehearse songs, as melodies and lyrics are reinforced through repetition, making them easier to recall later. This phenomenon underlines the importance of active rehearsal and chunking as memory aids in everyday life.

References

• Baddeley, A., & Hitch, G. J. (1974). Working memory. The Psychology of Learning and Motivation, 8, 47-89.
• Galotti, K. M. (2014). Cognitive Psychology: In and Out of the Laboratory. Sage Publications.
• Mastin, L. (2010). Sensory memory. Memoriology, 4(2), 23-30.
• Squire, L. R. (2009). Memory and the hippocampus: A synthesis from findings with rats, monkeys, and humans. Psychological Review, 116(4), 840-872.