Lab 5 Active Low Pass Filters Laboratory Work

Lab 5 Active Low Pass Filterslaboratory Workthis Lab Will Focus On Th

Lab 5. Active Low Pass Filters Laboratory Work This lab will focus on the basic thing in active circuit designs, including how to create schematics in ADS. The video includes information on ADS commands, icons, components, pallets, libraries, measurement equations, variables, wire labels, templates and more. Building Active Low Pass Filters in ADS: Step 1: Create a blank schematic and save into a workspace (refer to previous exercise about how to do this) Step 2: Click the Library Browser on the top-left corner. Step 3: Select the library “ads_behavioral ---> System Amps & Mixers” or search all libraries with “OpAmp”, and drag the device “OpAmp” to the design environment. Step 4: Build the following circuit with the same components values and pay special attention to the marked components values: Step 5: Select Simulation-AC and drag “AC” to the design environment. Step 6: Add two names of “Vin” and “Vout” using “NAME” to the designed circuit. Step 7: After running the simulation, a result window appears automatically. Select the “Equation” from the left-hand side Palette and enter the specified equations. Then, select the “Rectangular Plot” and choose the entered equation “Gain”: Step 8: Plot the curve “Gain” and attach the screenshot.

Paper For Above instruction

Active low pass filters are fundamental components in signal processing and electronic design, serving to allow signals below a certain cutoff frequency to pass while attenuating higher frequencies. The laboratory exercise outlined involves creating, simulating, and analyzing active low pass filters using Advanced Design System (ADS), a leading electronic design automation software. This experiment provides practical insights into filter design principles, circuit analysis, and the behavior of active filtering components within electronic circuits.

In the initial phase of the experiment, students are instructed to create a schematic diagram within ADS, utilizing the library browser to insert an operational amplifier (OpAmp). This step emphasizes familiarity with CAD tools and library management, which are essential skills for circuit designers. Once the OpAmp is placed, students are guided to construct the specific low pass filter circuit with predetermined component values, ensuring consistency and comparability across simulations. Particular attention must be paid to the component values, especially those marked as critical for the filter's performance.

The next phase involves AC analysis, where the simulation type is set to AC to analyze the frequency response. The addition of input and output node names, “Vin” and “Vout,” allows for clear identification of signals within the simulation environment. After running the simulation, students analyze the gain response by entering the relevant equations and plotting the gain versus frequency. The resulting graph illustrates how the filter’s gain varies with frequency, revealing the cutoff point where the gain begins to decrease sharply. This graphical analysis is instrumental in understanding filter characteristics and validating theoretical expectations.

The experiment further extends to building a second active low pass filter with a different configuration. This comparative approach enables students to contrast different filter topologies, understand the influence of component choices, and observe variations in frequency response. Such exercises deepen comprehension of active filter design, emphasizing the importance of component values, topology, and feedback mechanisms in shaping filter behavior. Analyzing differences between the two filters highlights practical considerations in filter design, such as stability, bandwidth, and ripple.

The analysis of the gain at zero frequency (DC gain) reveals that the passband gain is typically determined by the feedback network and the OpAmp’s open-loop gain. In ideal conditions, the DC gain approaches the designed value based on the resistor network, but real-world constraints like finite gain and non-ideal OpAmp behavior affect this. The trend of gain with increasing frequency generally shows a decrease at the cutoff frequency, characteristic of low pass filters, due to the reactive impedance of capacitors which reduces the gain at higher frequencies. The specific transfer function demonstrates the filter's roll-off rate, often -20 dB/decade for a single-pole filter.

Overall, this laboratory investigation provides invaluable hands-on experience in designing, simulating, and analyzing active low pass filters, reinforcing fundamental principles of electronic filtering, feedback control, and frequency response analysis. The skills acquired through these exercises form a basis for advanced filter design and signal processing applications in various electronic systems.

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