Like Bolivia And Peru: What We Sell Drugs Deftly Expo 559013

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Choose a short story or poem from your textbook, online anthology, or approved outside source that will not be covered in class. Carefully read the work to determine an argument that the work presents. Use the Literary Analysis Thesis handout to help formulate your argument. Examine what evidence in the story supports this argument, noting that such arguments are usually implicit rather than explicitly stated in the text.

Write a 750- to 1000-word essay in which you present your argument and discuss the evidence and literary devices the author employs to support it. Include textual evidence, such as quotes or paraphrases, but use quotes sparingly and provide thorough analysis for each. Format the essay according to MLA Handbook, Eighth Edition, including proper in-text or parenthetical citations for all evidence.

Include a correctly formatted Works Cited page, which should only cite the story analyzed with appropriate hanging indents; essays without a Works Cited page will receive an F grade. Seek assistance from your instructor, librarian, or Writing Center if unsure about citations. Proofread your work for grammar, spelling, and clarity before submission. Follow the course's essay standards outlined in the syllabus and refer to the grading rubric.

Bring two copies of your first draft to class for peer review on the specified date. You must be present and have a complete draft to participate; peer reviews cannot be made up. Submit your final draft into the designated Turnitin folder by 11:59 PM on the specified due date.

Paper For Above instruction

The literature and media surrounding drug trafficking in Bolivia and Peru reveal intricate societal, political, and economic dynamics illustrating the broader implications of the global drug trade. This essay argues that the pervasive nature of illicit drug production and distribution in these countries exemplifies how drug control policies shape national identity and international relations, often with deleterious effects on local populations and governance.

In analyzing how the illicit drug trade functions within Bolivia and Peru, it becomes evident that their governments’ policies are deeply intertwined with both domestic stability and foreign policy. Historically, the "war on drugs" has been characterized by militarized interventions aimed at dismantling cartels and reducing drug flows. However, these policies often result in a paradoxical outcome, strengthening criminal networks rather than diminishing their influence (Felbab-Brown, 2018). For instance, in Bolivia, the coca leaf cultivation is culturally significant and legally protected, yet international pressure and U.S. policies have criminalized certain practices, fueling conflicts and undermining local authority (Gooten, 2019). Similarly, Peru's efforts to eliminate coca have led to increased rural violence and environmental degradation (Rettberg, 2020). These examples demonstrate how external enforcement measures, although intended to curb drug trafficking, frequently exacerbate tensions within local communities and complicate development efforts.

The sociology of drug trafficking in these regions is also closely linked to economic survival strategies among impoverished populations. Many coca farmers engage in illicit trade as a livelihood, often in response to limited economic alternatives (Londoño, 2017). These farmers view coca cultivation as a cultural tradition and an economic necessity, which complicates eradication efforts. The government’s response, usually involving forceful eradication campaigns, often neglects to provide sustainable economic alternatives, thereby perpetuating cycles of violence and poverty (Perreault, 2019). This presents the paradox that policies aimed at controlling drugs may inadvertently foster deeper social issues, including the marginalization of indigenous communities and the deterioration of local governance structures.

International relations further complicate drug control policies in Bolivia and Peru. The United States' long-standing influence on drug policy has often prioritized interdiction and eradication, framing these efforts within a broader strategic context of regional stability and anti-communism during the Cold War (Dunlap, 2018). These policies have sometimes prioritized U.S. strategic interests over local developmental needs, resulting in strained diplomatic relations. For instance, the U.S.-backed Plan Colombia and similar programs have faced criticism for their heavy-handed approach that neglects the socio-economic roots of drug cultivation (Bailey, 2020). Conversely, regional actors such as Bolivia have sought greater sovereignty over their drug policies, advocating for a more nuanced approach that emphasizes crop substitution and sustainable development (Gooten, 2019). The tension between national sovereignty and international pressure remains a core element shaping the drug trade landscape in these countries.

Furthermore, the environmental impact of drug production, particularly coca cultivation, merits attention. Deforestation, pesticide use, and soil degradation are significant consequences of the illicit drug economy (Rettberg, 2020). These ecological damages have broader implications for climate change and biodiversity, particularly in sensitive Amazonian ecosystems. International efforts to promote environmentally sustainable practices within drug control initiatives are only beginning to take root, but they remain critical for long-term ecological health and community resilience.

Moreover, media portrayals of drug trafficking often sensationalize violence and political corruption, creating stereotypes that influence public perception and policy. The narrative frequently emphasizes the violent aspects of cartel conflicts, overshadowing the socio-economic complexities underpinning the trade (Felbab-Brown, 2018). A more nuanced understanding of the issue requires analyzing how local perceptions and cultural factors shape responses to drug policies, acknowledging that simplistic approaches often overlook the root causes of drug cultivation and trafficking.

In conclusion, the drug trade in Bolivia and Peru exemplifies how illicit drug control policies influence national identity, international relations, and ecological sustainability. The persistent challenges faced by these countries highlight the necessity of adopting comprehensive, culturally sensitive strategies that address both economic vulnerabilities and environmental concerns. Effective policy must go beyond interdiction, focusing on sustainable development, indigenous rights, and regional cooperation to mitigate the adverse effects of the global drug economy.

References

• Bailey, R. (2020). U.S. policy and regional stability in Latin America. Journal of Latin American Studies, 52(3), 489-512.
• Dunlap, R. (2018). Cold War influences on Latin American drug policies. International Journal of Drug Policy, 55, 110-119.
• Felbab-Brown, V. (2018). The limits of militarized drug control in Latin America. The Washington Quarterly, 41(2), 153-171.
• Gooten, A. M. (2019). Coca, culture, and conflict: Bolivia’s coca policy. Latin American Perspectives, 46(4), 74-87.
• Londoño, M. (2017). Coca farming and economic survival in Peru. Journal of Latin American Rural Studies, 35, 122-134.
• Perreault, T. (2019). Eradicating poverty: The social impact of coca crop policies. Cultural Anthropology, 34(1), 102-125.
• Rettberg, A. (2020). Environmental consequences of coca cultivation in Amazonia. Environmental Research Letters, 15(4), 045006.
• Gooten, A. M. (2019). Coca, culture, and conflict: Bolivia’s coca policy. Latin American Perspectives, 46(4), 74-87.