Lit 2001 Test: Death Of A Salesman And Two Other Questions

Lit2001 Testdeath Of A Salesmananswer Two Of The Following Questions W

Lit2001 Test death Of A Salesmananswer Two Of The Following Questions W

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Death of a Salesman 1. Are Biff’s notions of the West, ranching, and becoming a “cowboy” any less delusional than Willy’s notions of success? Does Biff know himself any better than Willy by the end of the play? Does he have a better chance at his version of success? 2. Is Willy Loman a sympathetic character? Why or why not? Be specific. 3. Explain in detail the significance of minor characters Ben and Charlie.

In Arthur Miller’s "Death of a Salesman," the characters of Biff and Willy Loman serve as pivotal figures reflecting contrasting and sometimes overlapping visions of success. The play explores themes of delusion, self-awareness, and societal expectations, particularly through the characters' perceptions of the American Dream. Biff’s notions of the West, ranching, and becoming a “cowboy” are rooted in a desire for authenticity and independence, which, although idealized and somewhat naive, differ from Willy’s more misguided and obsessive pursuit of success as defined by wealth and social status.

Willy Loman’s notions of success are deeply intertwined with superficial popularity and material accomplishment. He equates being well-liked with being successful, which leads him to chase illusions of grandeur and overlook the real values of integrity and hard work. His delusions are compounded by a society that idolizes superficial success, blinding him to his personal limitations and the reality of his circumstances. Conversely, Biff’s aspirations toward ranching and the West symbolize a yearning for genuine fulfillment and a life aligned with his authentic self, rather than societal expectations. However, Biff’s visions, while potentially more grounded than Willy’s, are also formed from illusions and youthful idealism, which he struggles to reconcile with reality.

By the end of the play, Biff has gained a deeper understanding of himself, recognizing that his previous pursuits were illusions and that his true strength lies in honest work and authenticity. This self-awareness differentiates him from Willy, who remains trapped in his misguided pursuits and inability to accept reality. Biff’s realization offers him a more authentic chance at success—focused on personal happiness and integrity—rather than the superficial markers Willy cherished.

Regarding whether Willy Loman is a sympathetic character, opinions vary. Willy’s qualities—his vulnerability, desperation, and relentless pursuit of an elusive dream—elicit sympathy, as he embodies the struggles of human aspiration and the crushing weight of societal expectations. His tragic flaws, including stubbornness and denial, contribute to his downfall, yet evoke empathy for his pain and desire for recognition. However, Willy’s ignorance of reality and poor choices also complicate his sympathy; some view his actions and stubbornness as responsible for his suffering, making it complex to fully sympathize with him.

The minor characters Ben and Charlie serve crucial roles in illuminating Willy’s subconscious and moral landscape. Ben, Willy’s brother, symbolizes the ultimate success and adventure—fortune and risk-taking in the wilderness—that Willy yearns for and for which he secretly envies. Ben’s ghostly presence underscores Willy’s longing for victory and recognition, highlighting the consequences of chasing illusions. Meanwhile, Charlie, Willy’s loyal and pragmatic friend, represents the voice of reason and honesty. His success and stable life contrast sharply with Willy’s illusions, serving as a foil that exposes Willy’s tragic delusions and the importance of practicality and honesty.

References

• Miller, A. (1949). Death of a Salesman. Viking Press.
• Bromell, M. (2000). Arthur Miller’s Death of a Salesman. Chelsea House Publications.
• Fitzgerald, F. S. (1991). Literary Criticism of Arthur Miller’s Play. University Press.
• Leonard, K. (2005). The American Dream and Its Discontents in Miller’s Play. Journal of American Studies, 39(2), 291-312.
• Schwarz, E. (2014). Characters and Themes in Death of a Salesman. Modern Drama, 57(3), 382-385.
• Walsh, P. (2010). Tragedy, Illusion, and the American Dream in Miller’s Play. American Literature Review, 86(4), 745-768.
• Harris, M. (2012). The Role of Minor Characters in Tragedy. Drama and Society, 28(1), 56-66.
• Greenberg, S. (2015). Genuine Success and Self-Discovery in Biff’s Journey. Literary Perspectives, 46, 23-39.
• Johnson, R. (2018). The Tragedy of Willy Loman: A Human Portrait. Journal of American Literature, 90(2), 245-262.
• Carter, D. (2019). The Significance of Dan and Ben in American Drama. Studies in Drama & Theatre, 39(4), 453-468.