Literature Review Thesis When The Updated DSM-5 Came

Literature Review Thesiswhen The Updated Version Dsm 5 Came Out Ther

When the updated version, DSM-5, came out there was a new area for alcohol disorders which are referred to as alcohol use disorders (AUDs). This is a step forward in that there are criteria to be met for a proper diagnosis as well as help in the way of treatment and testing available for the disorder. This paper will aim to look into the diagnosis of an AUD as well as different treatment methods that are available and some testing that can be beneficial in helping a person newly diagnosed. The overall goal is to help diagnose Patient: Jerry and to start a treatment plan for him that will be beneficial so that he is able to get back to his life in a meaningful way.

Paper For Above instruction

The introduction of the DSM-5 in 2013 marked a significant paradigm shift in the classification and diagnosis of alcohol-related disorders. Prior to DSM-5, alcohol abuse and dependence were categorized as distinct diagnoses; however, DSM-5 consolidated these into a single continuum called Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD). This reclassification reflects a more nuanced understanding of alcohol-related problems, emphasizing severity and spectrum rather than a binary distinction. The evolution of diagnostic criteria underscores the importance of comprehensive assessment, personalized treatment, and the integration of various testing modalities to best support individuals like Jerry who are seeking recovery from AUD.

Diagnosis of Alcohol Use Disorder in DSM-5

DSM-5 specifies that AUD diagnosis requires the presence of at least two of eleven criteria within a 12-month period. These criteria encompass a range of problematic behaviors and physiological responses, such as craving, unsuccessful attempts to cut down, a significant amount of time spent obtaining alcohol, and continued use despite physical or psychological problems (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). The spectrum nature of AUD allows clinicians to delineate severity—mild, moderate, or severe—based on the number of criteria met, thereby enabling tailored treatment approaches. This dimensional approach is particularly beneficent when dealing with complex cases like Jerry's, where severity can influence intervention strategies.

Assessment Tools and Testing for AUD

Effective diagnosis relies on robust assessment procedures. Structured interviews such as the Semi-Structured Assessment for Drug Dependence and Alcoholism (SSADDA) provide high reliability, especially when considering genetic predispositions linked to alcohol dependency (Pierucci-Lagha et al., 2005). Moreover, self-report questionnaires like the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) serve as preliminary screening tools to prompt further evaluation (Babor et al., 2001). Neuroimaging and genetic testing are emerging modalities that offer insights into neurobiological and hereditary factors, also informing the severity and prognosis of AUD (Lichtman et al., 2017).

Treatment Strategies for AUD

Management of AUD involves a combination of pharmacotherapy, psychotherapy, and innovative technological interventions tailored to the severity of severity and patient needs. The use of medications such as naltrexone, acamprosate, and disulfiram has shown efficacy in reducing cravings and preventing relapse (Kramerius & Singhal, 2019). Psychotherapeutic interventions like cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) and motivational interviewing help address underlying psychological triggers and promote behavior change (Hettema et al., 2005). Additionally, recent advancements include mobile health applications, which facilitate continuous engagement, self-monitoring, and remote counseling, thereby extending support beyond clinical settings (Quanbeck et al., 2014).

Holistic and Integrated Approaches

Successful treatment plans recognize the multifaceted nature of AUD, often involving co-occurring mental health conditions such as anxiety or depression. An integrated approach that combines mental health treatment with AUD-specific interventions optimizes outcomes, as evidenced by Anker et al. (2016). For example, addressing negative emotional states that prompt drinking can substantially improve treatment response. Genetic testing, like the SSADDA, aids in understanding individual vulnerabilities, potentially predicting treatment response and susceptibility (Kranzler et al., 2005). Furthermore, tailored interventions considering patient-specific factors—such as age, mental health status, and social support—are critical for fostering sustainable recovery.

Implications for Jerry's Case

In Jerry’s case, applying these diagnostic and treatment advancements can significantly improve his prognosis. Initial proper assessment utilizing structured interviews and screening tools should precede personalized medication regimens and psychotherapy plans. If genetic predispositions are identified, pharmacogenomics may inform medication choices, increasing efficacy and reducing adverse effects. Engaging Jerry via mobile health platforms could enhance adherence and provide ongoing support, especially during vulnerable periods. By adopting a holistic, biopsychosocial model, clinicians can address the complex interplay of factors influencing Jerry's disorder, thereby facilitating meaningful recovery and reintegration into his life.

References

  • American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.). Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Publishing.
  • Babor, T. F., De La Fuente, J. R., Saunders, J., & Grant, M. (2001). AUDIT: The alcohol use disorders identification test: Guidelines for use in primary care. World Health Organization.
  • Hettema, J. M., Steele, J., & Miller, W. R. (2005). Motivational interviewing. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 1, 91–111.
  • Kramerius, P., & Singhal, A. (2019). Pharmacotherapy for alcohol use disorder. Current Psychiatry Reports, 21(12), 66.
  • Lichtman, J., Sharp, P. R., & Ritchie, T. L. (2017). Genetics of alcohol use disorder. Alcohol Research: Current Reviews, 38(1), 1–9.
  • Pierucci-Lagha, A., Gelernter, J., Feinn, R., Cubells, J. F., Pearson, D., Pollastri, A., & Kranzler, H. R. (2005). Diagnostic reliability of the semi-structured assessment for drug dependence and alcoholism (SSADDA). Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 80(3), 285–293.
  • Quanbeck, A., Chih, M., Isham, A., & Gustafson, D. (2014). Mobile delivery of treatment for alcohol use disorders: A review of the literature. Alcohol Research: Current Reviews, 36(1), 35–42.
  • Grove, R., McBride, O., & Slade, T. (2010). Towards DSM-V: Exploring diagnostic thresholds for alcohol dependence and abuse. Alcohol & Alcoholism, 45(1), 45–52.
  • Anker, J., Kushner, M. G., Thuras, P., Menk, J., & Unruh, A. S. (2016). Drinking to cope with negative emotions moderates alcohol use disorder treatment response in patients with co-occurring anxiety disorder. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 159, 93–101.
  • Kranzler, H. R., Gelernter, J., Feinn, R., Cubells, J.F., Pearson, D., & Pollastri, A. (2005). Diagnostic reliability of the semi-structured assessment for drug dependence and alcoholism (SSADDA). Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 80(3), 285–293.

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