Match The Definitions To The Correct Theoretical Model

Match The Definitions To The Correct Theoretical Model1attachment Th

Match the definitions to the correct theoretical model. 1. Attachment theory _____ Experiences as a child affect life. Child is influenced by caretaker but also has a part in development. 2. Psychoanalytic theory stages – Anal _____ 2–3 years of age and the body wants to retain and eliminate. 3. Behavior classical conditioning_ ____ When a stimulus elicits a specific response 4. Psychoanalytic theory stages – Latency_ ____ 6–12 years of age; skills and activities are the focus, rather than sexual exploration. 5. Humanistic perspective _____ Overall, people are good. Humans strive for health and wellbeing. Persons develop a sense of self and create a value system based on experiences, with the goal of self-actualizing. 6. Psychoanalytic theory personality – Ego _____ This is the part of the personality that mediates desires and the reality of the operational world. 7. Existential perspective_ ____ People are unique, values are important, and overall the goal is to find fulfillment. Individual experiences assist with confronting and understanding the negative world. 8. Psychoanalytic theory personality – Superego _____ This develops in time and becomes the moral compass of the personality. 9. Behavior observational learning _____ When learning is completed through observation alone; reinforcement or conditioning are absent. 10. Cognitive behavioral perspective_ ____ Thoughts are called schema, which is the knowledge that guides processing. This processing then leads the person to behave based on the thinking processes. 11. Psychoanalytic theory stages – Oral _____ Focus is on the mouth, and sensation is achieved by sucking. 12. Cognitive theory _____ Information processing at a basic level and mental processing, which includes thinking, planning, and making decisions 13. Psychoanalytic theory personality – Id _____ Includes two driving forces of life and death; life is sexual in nature and includes libido, and death includes aggression and destructive actions. Pleasure is derived here. 14. Behavior operant conditioning _____ The person has a goal and, with reinforcement, the behavior is repeated or withdrawn. 15. Psychoanalytic theory stages – Phallic _____ Self-touch and exploration causes pleasure. 16. Diathesis-stress models _____ When there is a predisposition for developing a disorder and stress is present in these persons with the predisposition 17. Psychoanalytic theory stages – Genital _____ Sexual relations become the focus for pleasure.

Paper For Above instruction

The theoretical models outlined in psychology serve as foundational frameworks for understanding human behavior, development, and mental health disorders. Accurately matching these models to their respective definitions enhances comprehension of their core principles and their implications for psychological practice.

Attachment Theory emphasizes how early experiences with caregivers influence an individual's emotional and social development throughout life. It posits that secure attachments formed during childhood foster healthy relationships in adulthood (Bowlby, 1969). This theory underscores the importance of early relational patterns in shaping personality and emotional regulation.

Psychoanalytic Theory, originating from Freud’s work, proposes that personality develops through various psychosexual stages, each characterized by different erogenous zones, such as the oral and anal stages. The model emphasizes unconscious motives, defenses, and childhood experiences influencing adult behavior (Freud, 1905). The ego operates as the mediator between instinctual desires (id) and moral standards (superego). Notably, the stages of anal (2–3 years), latency (6–12 years), phallic (around 3–6 years), and genital (adolescence onward) reflect developmental milestones that shape the personality’s structure.

Behavioral Theories focus on observable behaviors and the role of learning through conditioning. Classical conditioning, developed by Pavlov, illustrates how a stimulus can elicit a specific response after association with another stimulus (Pavlov, 1927). Operant conditioning, articulated by Skinner, emphasizes reinforcement and punishment in shaping voluntary behaviors (Skinner, 1953). Observational learning, or modeling, allows individuals to acquire behaviors by watching others without direct reinforcement, emphasizing the importance of social context in learning processes (Bandura, 1977).

Humanistic Perspective advocates that humans are inherently good and strive for self-actualization. It emphasizes personal growth, free will, and subjective experience. Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow highlighted the importance of self-concept and the pursuit of meaning, emphasizing that a supportive environment fosters optimal development and psychological health (Maslow, 1943; Rogers, 1951).

Existential Perspective emphasizes individual experience, personal responsibility, and the search for meaning amid life's inherent uncertainties. This approach values authenticity, values, and confronting existential anxieties. It suggests that fulfillment arises from authentic engagement with one’s experience and confronting life's fundamental questions (Yalom, 1980).

Cognitive Theories describe mental processes such as thinking, decision-making, and schema formation. Schemas are mental frameworks guiding perception and behavior, shaping responses based on prior knowledge. Cognitive-behavioral approaches integrate these concepts to modify dysfunctional thoughts and behaviors, demonstrating their relevance in therapy (Beck, 1967).

Overall, these models collectively offer a comprehensive understanding of human functioning. The integration of psychoanalytic insights, behavioral principles, humanistic values, and cognitive processes informs contemporary therapeutic practices, emphasizing individualized approaches tailored to specific developmental stages and psychological needs.

References

• Bandura, A. (1977). Social learning theory. Prentice-Hall.
• Beck, A. T. (1967). Depression: Clinical, experimental, and theoretical aspects. Harper & Row.
• Bowlby, J. (1969). Attachment and loss: Vol. 1. Attachment. Basic Books.
• Freud, S. (1905). Three essays on the theory of sexuality. Basic Books.
• Maslow, A. H. (1943). A theory of human motivation. Psychological Review, 50(4), 370-396.
• Pavlov, I. P. (1927). Conditioned reflexes. Oxford University Press.
• Rogers, C. R. (1951). Client-centered therapy. Houghton Mifflin.
• Skinner, B. F. (1953). Science and human behavior. Free Press.
• Yalom, I. D. (1980). Existential psychotherapy. Basic Books.