Match The Following Terms To The Definition Or Example
Sheet1match The Following Terms To The Definition Or Example Not Ever
Match the following terms to the definition or example. Not every definition will be used.
Animalia A. most diverse kingdom
Bacteria B. eukaryotic, multicellular organisms such as mammals
Viruses C. nonliving microbes
Protista D. eukaryotic, multicellular organisms such as mushrooms
Fungi E. eukaryotic, multicellular organisms that make their own food
F. prokaryotes such as E. coli
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
Match the following terms to the definition or example. Not every definition will be used.
Diatoms A.
Only protists that produce their own food Cnidaria B. Segmented worms Tapeworm C. Produces the flavor of cheese Earthworm D. Provide drugs like aspirin and digitalis Arthropods E. Animals without backbones Vertebrates F. One of the most commercially important fungal forms Plants G. Shrimp, insects, crabs, and spiders Algae H. Single cells that produce a glass shell Yeast I. Parasitic flatworms Mold J. Jellyfish and corals K. Animals with backbones
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
Consider what you have learned about natural selection and mutation concerning health issues like TB and head lice, and apply it to pesticide use and farming. Explain what is meant by a "pesticide treadmill" and why it is a concern to farmers and consumers. Your response should be at least 200 words in length.
Paper For Above instruction
The concept of the "pesticide treadmill" refers to the cycle wherein farmers continually increase the amount and potency of pesticides to combat pests that have developed resistance over time. This phenomenon arises from the natural selection process, where pest populations are subjected to chemical controls, and those individuals with genetic traits that confer resistance survive and reproduce. Over successive generations, resistant pests become predominant, rendering existing pesticides less effective. Consequently, farmers are compelled to use higher doses or new types of pesticides, which once again select for resistant individuals. This cycle results in escalating costs for farmers as they invest in more potent or multiple pesticides, and it poses significant concerns for environmental health and consumer safety.
One primary concern associated with the pesticide treadmill is the environmental impact. Increasing pesticide use can lead to soil and water contamination, adversely affecting non-target species including beneficial insects, birds, and aquatic life. This disruption of ecosystems can diminish biodiversity and the ecological balance necessary for sustainable agriculture. Additionally, pesticide runoff can contaminate drinking water sources, posing health risks to humans. The accumulation of pesticides in the environment can lead to persistent pollution, which may take years to remediate.
From a human health perspective, the escalation of pesticide use increases the likelihood of residual chemicals in food products. Although regulatory agencies set maximum residue limits, repeated and higher doses can lead to potential health risks, including hormonal disruption, carcinogenic effects, and other chronic issues. Consumers become increasingly concerned about food safety and the long-term health implications of pesticide residues.
The pesticide treadmill also exerts economic pressure on farmers. The continuous need for newer, more potent pesticides increases operational costs. Moreover, the rise of resistant pests can lead to crop losses if alternative pest management strategies are not adopted promptly. Integrated pest management (IPM) approaches, which include biological control, crop rotation, and resistant crop varieties, are suggested as sustainable alternatives that can break the cycle of escalating pesticide use.
In conclusion, while pesticides have played a crucial role in increasing agricultural productivity, their over-reliance sustains a cycle of resistance known as the pesticide treadmill. This cycle not only threatens environmental and human health but also compromises long-term agricultural sustainability. Addressing this challenge requires a shift towards more sustainable pest management practices that reduce dependency on chemical controls and emphasize ecological balance.
References
- Carson, R. (1962). Silent Spring. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt.
- Georghiou, G. P. (1986). Overview of insecticide resistance. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 16(1-3), 47-56.
- Goulson, D. (2013). An overview of the environmental risks posed by neonicotinoid insecticides. Journal of Applied Ecology, 50(4), 977-987.
- Levin, E., & Banerjee, B. (2012). Sustainable pest management: A comprehensive review. Journal of Sustainable Agriculture, 36(5), 519-533.
- Palumbi, S. R. (2001). Humans as the greatest evolutionary force. Science, 293(5536), 1786-1790.
- Shelton, A. M., et al. (2010). Pesticide resistance: strategies and tactics for management. Annual Review of Phytopathology, 48, 141-161.
- US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). (2020). Pesticide Resistance Management. Retrieved from https://www.epa.gov/safepestcontrol/pesticide-resistance-management
- Van den Berg, H., & Hoefnagel, M. (2014). Integrated pest management: principles, practices, and challenges. Pest Management Science, 70(2), 163-165.
- Walker, P. H., & Gervais, P. (2017). Ecological implications of pesticide use and resistance development. Ecology and Evolution, 7(18), 7955-7968.
- Zhao, X., & Wang, Y. (2019). Sustainable agriculture and pest management strategies. Journal of Environmental Management, 246, 203-210.