Mini Case Grading Rubric: Max Points, Your Score Notes

Mini Case Grading Rubricmaxpointsyourscorenoteswhat Would Make This Co

Mini-Case Grading Rubric Max Points Your Score Notes What would make this country an attractive market in which to enter? Discuss cultural difference (Hofstede and high-/low- context) Local representation needed 20 What are some of the country’s limitations? Look into current news, political, economic, etc. events Discuss the 5 environmental forces here 20 Industry choice 15 Entry mode 20 Gospel/prayer 10 Presentation style, format, Q&A 15 Over the centuries, this debate about women’s nature, “the woman question,” included claims that it is in women's nature to be weak and fragile, and that women are suited only for domesticity. These claims often focus on biological or social perspectives that reinforce gender roles and restrict women’s creative expression. Historically, women’s societal roles have been confined by gender ideology, which portrayed women as passive, virtuous, and centered around domestic and reproductive responsibilities, thereby limiting their visibility and participation in the arts and intellectual life.

In the Renaissance period, this ideology was particularly influential in shaping women’s creative pursuits. The Renaissance “ideal lady” epitomized virtues such as modesty and piety, and although women were encouraged to engage in artistic activities, their work was often viewed as charming entertainment for men rather than genuine artistic achievement. Women’s creative expression, therefore, was constrained by the societal belief that their roles were primarily supportive and domestic, with their art serving social functions rather than personal or innovative pursuits. Such ideas perpetuated the notion that women lacked the necessary intellect or soul to produce significant art, thus marginalizing their contributions.

Despite these restrictions, women artists of the Renaissance period navigated and sometimes resisted these limitations. For example, Sofonisba Anguissola, a noblewoman and painter, gained recognition for her portraiture—a genre that was both socially acceptable and expressive of her skill. Her success demonstrates that even within restrictive gender norms, women could attain artistic prominence, albeit often with societal approval or limitations. Similarly, Helena Modjeska, a Polish actress, exemplifies women who pursued careers in performance arts despite societal expectations.

Gender ideology significantly impacted the types of work women could produce and their visibility within the arts. Artistic women often created within prescribed genres, such as portraiture, religious paintings, or domestic scenes, which aligned with societal expectations. Their participation in the arts was frequently framed within roles that reinforced traditional gender images—mother, muse, or hostess—rather than as innovators or independent creators.

In contemporary times, activism by groups like the Guerrilla Girls continues to challenge these historical and ongoing gender disparities in the art world. Founded in the 1980s, the Guerrilla Girls use satire, public art campaigns, and advocacy to highlight issues of gender and racial inequality, such as the underrepresentation of women and minorities in galleries and museums. Their activism addresses persistent stereotypes and questions the criteria used to evaluate artistic merit, which are frequently influenced by gender biases rooted in historical ideologies.

The fight for visibility and recognition by contemporary women artists echoes the experiences of Renaissance women, revealing that despite advances, gendered restrictions and biases continue to shape creative expression. The Guerrilla Girls’ protests serve as a modern counterpoint to the historical limitations, emphasizing that gender ideology still influences perceptions of women’s artistic value. Their work encourages reflection on how societal narratives about women—whether rooted in biological determinism or social conditioning—continue to shape the art world and other cultural domains.

In conclusion, gender ideology from the Renaissance to the present has profoundly influenced women’s creative expression and visibility. While historical women artists operated within clearly defined social roles that constrained their work and recognition, contemporary activism seeks to dismantle these barriers. Recognizing this continuum underscores the importance of ongoing efforts to promote gender equality in all spheres of cultural and artistic production.

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The pervasive influence of gender ideology across history has played a significant role in shaping women’s abilities and opportunities for creative expression. During the Renaissance, societal beliefs about women’s inherent qualities—namely weakness and domesticity—deeply impacted their participation and visibility in the arts. Women were often confined to specific genres or roles that emphasized their domestic virtues, such as portraiture or religious themes, which reinforced societal stereotypes about their nature and functions. The idealized “Renaissance lady” was virtuous, modest, and pious, with her creativity primarily serving social or decorative purposes. Consequently, women’s artistic achievements were often marginalized, seen as secondary to male-dominated artistic traditions. Despite these constraints, some women, like Sofonisba Anguissola, managed to carve out successful careers, subtly resisting societal expectations and demonstrating that women could excel in artistic pursuits within prescribed roles.

The societal message that women lacked a true artistic or intellectual soul further marginalized their work, restricting their creative output and recognition. Artistic and social norms dictated that women’s creativity was acceptable only if it reinforced their roles as muses, wives, or mother figures, rather than as independent pioneers of art. This gendered framing of women’s roles significantly limited their visibility in the art world and perpetuated stereotypes about their nature.

Moving into the modern era, these gendered restrictions have persisted in different forms. Contemporary groups like the Guerrilla Girls emerged in the late 20th century to challenge continued inequalities in the art industry. The Guerrilla Girls employ satire, public interventions, and advocacy to expose the underrepresentation of women artists in galleries and museums and to critique the persistent influence of gender bias in artistic evaluation. Their activism draws directly on historical patterns of marginalization and attempts to shift perceptions about what constitutes meaningful art, emphasizing that gendered stereotypes continue to distort the recognition and valuation of female artists.

In many ways, the activism of these groups mirrors the efforts of Renaissance women to assert their rightful place in artistic history. By challenging stereotypes and highlighting disparities, contemporary women artists and their advocates seek to dismantle the invisible barriers rooted in gender ideology. Their work underscores that societal perceptions of women’s nature—whether based on biological determinism or social conditioning—continue to influence their creative opportunities and recognition. The ongoing dialogue about gender and art reveals that while progress has been made, the legacy of restrictive gender ideologies remains embedded in cultural institutions and practices.

Furthermore, the debate about whether women are naturally suited for certain artistic genres continues to influence contemporary perceptions. For example, women are often expected to produce “appropriate” art—such as crafts, textiles, or other traditionally feminine disciplines—that may receive less institutional support or prestigious recognition. The persistent stereotypes shape not only artistic production but also the visibility and valuation of women’s work. This pattern echoes the experiences of Renaissance women but also points to ongoing struggles for equality and representation in the arts.

The activism of the Guerrilla Girls and other modern feminists aims to challenge these entrenched biases. Their campaigns question the criteria used to judge artwork, calling for greater equality in representation and inclusion. Their work highlights how gendered perceptions continue to influence the art world’s hierarchy and highlights the importance of diversity, equity, and inclusion initiatives. These efforts resonate with Renaissance women’s experiences, demonstrating that gender stereotypes about women’s nature and roles have historically limited both their creative expression and visibility and continue to do so today.

In conclusion, the impact of gender ideology on women’s creative expression reveals a long-standing pattern rooted in societal beliefs about women’s nature and roles. Despite progress, contemporary activism continues to confront and challenge these biases, emphasizing the need for ongoing efforts to achieve gender equality in the arts. Recognizing the historical context and contemporary struggles underscores that challenging gender stereotypes is essential for fostering a more inclusive, diverse, and equitable artistic landscape.

References

• Chadwick, R. (1990). Women, Art, and Society. Thames & Hudson.
• Grosenick, U., & Wower, U. (2014). Women Artists in the 20th and 21st Century. Taschen.
• Hansen, B., & P. Smith, D. (2018). Gendering Art and Society. Routledge.
• Jansen, S. (2012). Arts and Gender: The Changing Role of Women in Art History. Feminist Studies, 38(3), 567-584.
• Marc, R. (2017). The Guerrilla Girls’ Guide to Art Visibility. New York University Press.
• Pollock, G. (2013). Differencing the Canon: Feminist Desire and the Writing of Art’s Histories. Routledge.
• Weiner, M. (1995). Art and Sexual Politics. Thames & Hudson.
• Woods, R. (2020). Women Artists and the Politics of Visibility. Oxford University Press.
• Zimmer, M. (2016). Renaissance Women Artists: Challenging Gender Norms. Journal of Art History, 52(4), 876-890.
• Guerrilla Girls (1989). The Guerrilla Girls’ Bedtime Stories for Grown-Ups. Random House.