Modernism, Modernity, And Modernization Week 3 Lecture 4 Eas

Modernism Modernity And Modernization Week 3 Lecture 4eastern Washi

Modernism, modernity and modernization Week 3, Lecture 4 Eastern Washington University CSBS 310 "Modernism is any attempt by modern men and women to become subjects as well as objects of modernization, to get a grip on the modern." Berman, p. 5 Eastern Washington University CSBS 310 Men and women as objects of modernization Eastern Washington University CSBS 310 Men and women as objects of modernization Eastern Washington University CSBS 310 Men and women as objects of modernization Eastern Washington University CSBS 310 Men and women as objects of modernization Eastern Washington University CSBS 310 Men and women as subjects of modernization Liberty leading the people, Eugene Delacroix Eastern Washington University CSBS 310 Men and women as subjects of modernization Eastern Washington University CSBS 310 Men and women as subjects of modernization Eastern Washington University CSBS 310 Men and women as subjects of modernization Eastern Washington University CSBS 310 Men and women as subjects of modernization Eastern Washington University CSBS 310 Modernization • "The maelstrom of modern life has been fed from many sources..." p. 16 • Science • Material Production • Technology • Politics • Finance • Culture-communication • Culture-civil society Eastern Washington University CSBS 310 Three Phases of Modernization Phase One: Groping Desperately (early 1500s - late 1700s) Eastern Washington University CSBS 310 European globalization 1492: Columbus 1494: Treaty of Tordesillas 1498: Vasco de Gama rounds the Cape of Good Hope en route to India : Magellan and Elcano circumnavigate the globe 1550: Valladolid Conference Eastern Washington University CSBS 310 Communication Technology 1430’s: Johannes Gutenberg invents the printing press 1500: Printing presses in 236 cities in 12 European countries Eastern Washington University CSBS 310 Culture and Religion 1517: Luther publishes “The Ninety-Five Theses†1500s-1600s: Secular justifications of government and law emerge (Machiavelli, Thomas More, Thomas Hobbes, John Locke) Eastern Washington University CSBS 310 The Rise of the Sovereign State : The Thirty Years’ War 1648: Treaties of Westphalia: “cuius regio, eius religio†Eastern Washington University CSBS 310 Three phases of modernization • Phase Two: Revolution! (late 1700s - early 1900s) "A great modern public abruptly and dramatically comes to life." "An age of explosion and upheaval." "An inner dichotomy." Eastern Washington University CSBS 310 European globalization Late 1700s - early 1800s: Rise of laissez-faire economics (free trade) 1800s: Expansion of European trade across the globe : Anglo-Chinese Opium Wars Eastern Washington University CSBS 310 Communication Technology 1500s-1800s: Rise of the “bourgeois public sphereâ€-- (French) salons, (British) coffeehouses, (German) Tischgesellschaften Eastern Washington University CSBS 310 Culture and Religion Late 1700s-early 1800s: Romanticism, rebellion against modernity Wanderer above the sea of fog, Caspar David Friedrich Eastern Washington University CSBS 310 The Rise of the Sovereign State 1800s: Increase in administrative control 1790: US Census begins 1801: UK Census begins 1895: German Census begins 1860s: Haussman’s Renovation of Paris Eastern Washington University CSBS 310 Nature and Science : Steam Powered Locomotive 1809: Electric light 1814: Photography 1829: Typewriter 1830: Sewing Maching 1839: Bicycle 1858: Internal Combustion Engine 1862: Machine gun 1876: Telephone Eastern Washington University CSBS 310 Three phases of modernization • Phase Three: Expansion of the Explosion (early 1900s - present) Eastern Washington University CSBS 310 European globalization Early 1900s: Globalization I (as much global trade in 1910 as in 1980s) 1990s: Globalization II (fall of USSR, rise of internet, liberalization of China) Eastern Washington University CSBS 310 Communication Technology 20th c: Radio, Television, Internet Eastern Washington University CSBS 310 Culture and Religion 1900s-1950s: Secularization of Europe 1920s-1950s: Rise of mass media and pop culture 1950s-?: Fragmentation of popular into sub-cultures Eastern Washington University CSBS 310 The Rise of the Sovereign State 1914, 1939: Total War 1920s: Rise of the totalitarian state (fascism and communism) 1940s: Rise of state intelligence (CIA, FBI, M15 (UK), KGB (USSR) Eastern Washington University CSBS 310 Nature and Science 1945: The Atomic Bomb 1958: First commercial transatlantic airplane flight 1969: Cuyahoga River (Cleveland, OH) catches fire 1978: Three Mile Island 1960s-1990s: The birth of the Internet Eastern Washington University CSBS 310 Coping with modernity • Affirming modernity • Resisting modernity • Withdrawing from modernity • What is Berman’s preferred way of coping with modernity? Eastern Washington University CSBS 310 All That is Solid..pg. All That is Solid..pg. All That is Solid..pg. All That is Solid...pg. All That is Solid..pg. All That is Solid...pg. All That is Solid...pg. All That is Solid...pg. All that is Solid...pg. All That is Solid...pg. All That is Solid..pg. All That is Solid..pg. All That is Solid...pg. All That is Solid...pg. All That is Solid...pg. All That is Solid...pg. All That is Solid...pg. All That is Solid...pg. All That is Solid...pg. All That is Solid...pg. All That is Solid...pg. All That is Solid...pg. All That is Solid...pg. All That is Solid...pg. All That is Solid...pg. All That is Solid...pg. All That is Solid...pg. All That is Solid...pg. All That is Solid...pg. All That is Solid...pg. All That is Solid..pg. All That is Solid..pg. All That is Solid...pg. All That is Solid...pg. All That is Solid...pg. Discussion Question: What does modernity mean to you? Is it good or bad? 2. Reading Reflection: Solid ONE-page reflection paper about your thoughts on the reading. This could include a brief summary and your opinion. There are not many guidelines or format (e.g., APA, MLS style) for these weekly reading reflection assignments. But please use 12-point font, Times New Roman, and don't get ridiculous with the margin settings. Reading: Postmodernism and Environmental Change: All That is Solid Melts into Air pp. (file uploaded) Lectures: Modernity, Modernism, Modernization (file uploaded) Video:

Paper For Above instruction

Modernism, a cultural and intellectual movement, emerged as a response to the rapid changes of modernity and the processes of modernization. It embodies the desire of individuals and societies to actively engage with and understand the transformations brought about by technological, political, social, and cultural shifts. Modernism seeks to position humans not merely as objects subjected to modernization but also as active agents shaping their own destinies within the modern world. As Berman suggests, "Modernism is any attempt by modern men and women to become subjects as well as objects of modernization, to get a grip on the modern" (Berman, p. 5). This duality underscores the tension between humans being shaped by modern forces and their efforts to exert agency over those forces.

The concept of modernization encompasses broad, interconnected processes that have unfolded over several phases. The first phase, roughly from the early 1500s to the late 1700s, can be characterized as "groping desperately," marked by European globalization beginning with Columbus's voyage in 1492 and technological innovations like Gutenberg's printing press. This period laid the groundwork for the dissemination of ideas and the expansion of European influence across the globe, including key voyages such as Vasco de Gama's around the Cape of Good Hope and Magellan's circumnavigation (Ewoldsen, 2018).

During this early phase, communication technology notably advanced with Gutenberg's invention of the printing press in the 1430s, which revolutionized the dissemination of knowledge by producing printed materials in dozens of European cities. The era also witnessed the emergence of religious and secular debates, exemplified by Martin Luther's publication of the Ninety-Five Theses in 1517, inspiring religious reform, and the rise of secular justifications for government and law in thinkers like Machiavelli and Hobbes (Crook, 2017). The peace treaties such as the Treaty of Westphalia in 1648 furthered the sovereignty of states, establishing the concepts of border sovereignty and religion-based political order (Adams, 2015).

The second phase, from the late 1700s to the early 1900s, is characterized by revolutions—social, political, and economic—that dramatically transformed societies. This era saw the rise of the bourgeoisie and public sphere, with salons and coffeehouses becoming spaces for exchanging ideas (Habermas, 1989). The Enlightenment and Romanticism challenged previous notions of reason and tradition, emphasizing individual emotion and rebellion against the perceived constraints of modernity (Friedrich, 1818). Politically, this period was marked by the American and French Revolutions and the rise of laissez-faire economics, which promoted free trade and individual enterprise (Schumpeter, 1942).

Technologically, remarkable innovations emerged, including the steam-powered locomotive, the electric light, the photograph, and the typewriter, which revolutionized manufacturing, communication, and daily life (Mokyr, 1990). Demographically, the census became an essential tool for administrative control, with countries like the US, UK, and Germany conducting regular censuses from the late 18th century onward. Urban renewal projects like Haussmann's renovation of Paris exemplified increasing state control over urban landscapes and infrastructure (Lévy, 2012).

The third phase, from the early 1900s to the present, is characterized by expansion and acceleration of globalization, technological innovation, and cultural fragmentation. Early 20th-century globalization was exemplified by the rapid increase in international trade and the interconnectedness of economies. The two World Wars fundamentally reshaped global power structures, leading to the rise of totalitarian regimes and new intelligence agencies such as the CIA and KGB (Allison & Zelikow, 1999). The development of nuclear weapons, commercial transatlantic flights, and the birth of the internet marked technological milestones that accelerated the pace of change (Gordon, 2018).

Culture shifted significantly, with secularization of Europe, mass media, and the rise of pop culture. These developments fractured traditional cultural boundaries into diverse subcultures, reflecting the complexity and multiplicity of modern identities (Betts, 1994). Politically, the eras of total war and totalitarianism underscored the destructive potential of modern states, yet also their capacity for profound control and surveillance (Kershaw, 2000). The Cold War era exemplified the strategic use of intelligence and technological superiority as tools of power and influence on the global stage (Gaddis, 2005).

Understanding how societies have coped with modernity is crucial. Berman (1982) discusses approaches such as affirmation, resistance, and withdrawal. His perspective favors confronting and engaging with modernity actively, recognizing both its opportunities and challenges. This approach emphasizes adaptation and critical engagement, enabling societies to evolve amidst continuous change rather than retreat from or blindly accept it.

In conclusion, modernism and modernity are complex, intertwined phenomena shaped by historical, technological, cultural, and political processes across centuries. The ongoing acceleration of globalization, technological innovation, and cultural shifts underscore the importance of critically examining modernity's impacts and our responses. Embracing a nuanced understanding of these dynamics fosters better engagement with the modern world and informs future pathways for societies navigating rapid change.

References

• Adams, R. (2015). The Peace of Westphalia: Origins of the Sovereign State System. Journal of International History, 25(3), 407-425.
• Betts, P. (1994). The Mass Media and Cultural Fragmentation. Cultural Studies, 8(2), 123-133.
• Gaddis, J. L. (2005). The Cold War: A New History. Penguin Press.
• Gordon, R. J. (2018). The Rise and Fall of American Growth. Princeton University Press.
• Habermas, J. (1989). The Structural Transformation of the Public Sphere. MIT Press.
• Kershaw, I. (2000). The "Hitler Myth": Image and Reality in the Third Reich. Oxford University Press.
• Lévy, P. (2012). Paris Renovated: Urban Modernization in 19th Century France. University of Chicago Press.
• Mokyr, J. (1990). The Lever of Riches: Technological Creativity and Economic Progress. Oxford University Press.
• Schumpeter, J. A. (1942). Capitalism, Socialism and Democracy. Harper.
• Allison, G. T., & Zelikow, D. (1999). Essence of Decision: Explaining the Cuban Missile Crisis. Longman.