Module 05 Course Project Treatment Notes Each Question Is As

Module 05 Course Project Treatment Noteseach Question Is Associated W

Identify the core assignment questions from the provided treatment notes and answer each in detail. The questions cover surgical procedures, anatomical terminology, diagnostic and procedural details, and nutritional and therapeutic care plans for Patients A and B.

Paper For Above instruction

Introduction

The understanding of surgical procedures, anatomical terminology, diagnostic tools, and therapeutic care plans are essential components of healthcare practice. This paper examines the specific details provided in the treatment notes of two patients, Todd Anderson and Michelle Gibbler, highlighting the procedures performed, anatomical terminology, medical instruments, and nutritional and therapeutic strategies. Through detailed analysis, this paper aims to demonstrate comprehensive knowledge in surgical, anatomical, diagnostic, and rehabilitative domains.

Todd Anderson: Surgical Procedure and Anatomical Details

Todd Anderson underwent a percutaneous nephrolithotomy, a minimally invasive surgical procedure directed at removing renal calculi or kidney stones. This operation involves creating an access tract into the kidney via a small incision, allowing for stone removal while minimizing damage to surrounding tissue.

The two word roots in “nephrolithotomy” are “nephr-” and “-lithotomy”. “Nephr-” stems from the Greek “nephros”, meaning kidney, and “-lithotomy” originates from “lithos” meaning stone and “-tomy” meaning incision or cutting. Thus, the combined term refers to an incision into the kidney to remove stones.

The first surgical instrument mentioned used for visual examination is a flexible cystoscope. This instrument provides a visual pathway into the bladder and urethra, enabling surgeons to inspect internal surfaces and identify abnormalities.

The term “ureteral orifice” describes the opening of the ureter into the bladder. It serves as the passage through which urine flows from the ureters into the bladder during normal urination. Maintaining its normal appearance indicates unimpeded urine flow and absence of obstructive lesions at this site.

The tube used to form an opening into the kidney in Todd’s procedure is a nephrostomy tube. This tube provides a direct pathway from the skin into the renal pelvis, facilitating drainage and access during interventions.

The instrument used to break the stones is an ultrasound lithotripter. This device uses high-frequency sound waves to fragment stones by generating sonic vibrations that disintegrate calculi into smaller fragments suitable for removal.

Fluoroscopy is a real-time imaging technique using X-rays to visualize internal structures dynamically during procedures. It provides continuous imaging, facilitating accurate placement of instruments and verification of surgical success.

Todd’s nutritional care plan lists signs and symptoms such as colic, oliguria, pyuria, dysuria, and lumbalgia. Colic refers to severe abdominal pain caused by spasms or obstruction — common with kidney stones. Oliguria indicates low urine output, often reflecting obstruction or dehydration. Pyuria means the presence of pus in urine, indicating infection. Dysuria is painful or difficult urination, often associated with urinary tract infections. Lumbalgia refers to lower back pain, frequently resulting from renal or muscular issues.

Given Todd’s condition involving kidney stones related to high oxalate levels, dietary restriction of high-oxalate foods is vital to prevent further stone formation. Uric acid lithogenesis refers to the formation of stones composed of uric acid, often due to acidic urine, dehydration, or high purine intake. Prevention involves dietary modifications such as increasing fluid intake, alkalinizing the urine, and reducing intake of purine-rich foods.

Michelle Gibbler: Surgical and Anatomical Aspects

Michelle Gibbler’s surgical report indicates she underwent a left salpingo-oophorectomy, the removal of the left fallopian tube and ovary. This procedure is typically performed for conditions such as ovarian cysts, endometriosis, or malignancy.

The two reproductive organs removed are the left fallopian tube (salpingectomy) and ovary (oophorectomy). The removal of these structures can affect fertility but may be necessary to treat pathology or prevent disease progression.

Normal pelvic structures observed intraoperatively include the liver margin and stomach, which showed no abnormalities or lesions. These unaffected structures provide reference points and confirm the localized nature of the pathology.

The first incision, a sagittal, midline incision, runs vertically along the midline of the abdomen, dividing it into left and right regions. This approach provides broad access to the abdominal cavity and allows for extension if needed.

The term “vesicouterine” consists of “vesico-” meaning bladder and “-uterine” meaning related to the uterus. The combined term indicates a relationship or connection between the bladder and uterus, often referring to the vesicouterine pouch or fold.

The “peritoneum” is a serous membrane lining the abdominal cavity and covering abdominal organs. It serves to support organs, provide a pathway for blood vessels and nerves, and facilitates movement within the abdominal cavity.

The posterior border of the dissection was the retroperitoneal space, which contains vital structures such as the aorta, vena cava, and kidneys. Preserving this space is critical during pelvic surgeries.

Bleeding was controlled using ligaclips—a type of surgical clip applied to blood vessels to occlude blood flow. The word “bleeding” is explained twice in the context of hemostasis during the procedure.

The physical therapy care plan mentions pelvic pain and two additional signs: pelvic/abdominal cramping and urinary incontinence. Pelvic/abdominal cramping is a pain or discomfort related to muscle contractions or spasms in the pelvic region. Urinary incontinence refers to involuntary urine leakage, often caused by pelvic floor weakness or nerve damage.

LSO in the context of Michelle’s care plan stands for Lumbar-Sacral Orthosis—a type of brace used to support the lower back and pelvis during recovery or to alleviate pain.

The modalities employing high-frequency sound waves are ultrasound therapy, used for musculoskeletal conditions such as inflammation, tissue repair, and pain management.

Conclusion

The detailed surgical reports and care plans provided insights into specific medical and anatomical details. Understanding the terminology, instruments, procedures, and rehabilitative strategies employed reflects comprehensive clinical knowledge essential for healthcare professionals.

References

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