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NSG5002 Week 5 Theory Critique Template Title of Paper (not bold) Background (bold) Theorist’s Background (bold) Phenomenon of Concern (bold) Theory Description (bold) Concepts (bold) Diagram (bold) Assumption (bold) Metaparadigm (bold) Evaluation (bold) Clarity (bold) Congruence (bold) Application (bold) Level (bold) Use (bold) Weaknesses (bold) Future (bold)
Paper For Above instruction
In this critique, I will analyze the selected theory within the context of nursing research and practice, exploring its origins, core concepts, and applicability. The theory chosen for this critique is Dorothea Orem’s Self-Care Deficit Nursing Theory, which has significantly influenced nursing education and practice by emphasizing the importance of patient independence and self-care in health management.
Background
Orem’s Self-Care Deficit Nursing Theory was developed in the 1950s and refined over subsequent decades. It emerged from her interest in promoting patient autonomy and understanding the relationship between caregiver and patient. Her aim was to create a comprehensive framework that could guide nursing interventions aimed at supporting individuals in maintaining their health and well-being through self-care.
Theorist’s Background
Dorothea Orem was an American nurse and educator who contributed extensively to nursing theory and education. She earned her BSN from the Catholic University of America and later developed her influential theory while working in various nursing roles. Her academic career centered on teaching nursing students and advancing theoretical foundations for nursing practice, emphasizing the patient’s active role in health maintenance.
Phenomenon of Concern
The primary phenomenon of concern in Orem’s theory is the concept of self-care—defined as the practice of activities individuals perform independently to maintain health and manage illness. The theory addresses the gaps when individuals are unable to meet their self-care needs due to illness, injury, or other limitations.
Theory Description
Orem’s theory posits that nursing is necessary when individuals cannot meet their own self-care needs. The theory is structured around the idea that health is a state of well-being that individuals strive to maintain through self-care activities. Nursing interventions aim to support or provide self-care, depending on the individual's capacity, to restore or maintain health status.
Concepts
The core concepts include self-care, self-care agency, self-care requisites, and therapeutic self-care demand. Self-care agency refers to an individual’s ability to perform self-care, while self-care requisites are the needs that are vital for health. The theory incorporates these concepts to formulate nursing diagnoses and interventions tailored to patient needs.
Diagram
The diagram of Orem’s theory typically illustrates the relationship among the main concepts: the person, health, environment, and nursing. It shows how nursing acts as a supportive or entirely compensatory process to assist individuals in meeting their self-care needs when they are unable to do so independently.
Assumption
Assumptions underlying the theory include the belief that all individuals can benefit from nursing care, that self-care is essential for maintaining health, and that individuals are responsible for their own health to the extent possible. It also assumes that nurses should assess the self-care capabilities of individuals and plan interventions accordingly.
Metaparadigm
The metaparadigm elements in Orem’s theory are person, health, environment, and nursing. The person is viewed as a self-care agent, health as a state of well-being, environment as external factors influencing health, and nursing as supporting or enabling self-care abilities.
Evaluation
The theory is comprehensive, practical, and remains relevant. It offers a clear framework for assessing patient needs and designing interventions. Its emphasis on patient independence promotes holistic care and fosters a collaborative caregiver-patient relationship.
Clarity
Orem’s theory is articulated with clarity, making it accessible for nursing practitioners to apply in diverse settings. The concepts are well-defined, and the relationships among them are logical, supporting ease of understanding and implementation.
Congruence
The theory demonstrates congruence with nursing practice, especially in promoting patient-centered care. It aligns well with modern health initiatives focused on self-management and empowerment, ensuring its applicability across different health contexts and populations.
Application
This theory is widely used in clinical practice, education, and research. It guides community health programs, chronic disease management, and patient education strategies, emphasizing the importance of fostering self-care skills to improve health outcomes.
Level
The theory operates primarily at the middle-range level, providing specific guidance for nursing interventions while remaining broad enough for application across varied settings and populations.
Use
Orem’s theory is used for developing nursing diagnoses, crafting care plans, and evaluating patient progress. Its focus on self-care makes it especially useful in managing chronic illnesses and health promotion activities.
Weaknesses
Critics argue that the theory may oversimplify complex health issues by emphasizing self-care as the central concept. It may not account sufficiently for environmental or societal barriers that hinder self-care. Additionally, the theory’s applicability can be limited in cases of severe cognitive impairments or where external factors significantly impede self-care abilities.
Future
Future research could focus on integrating Orem’s theory with models addressing social determinants of health to enhance its comprehensiveness. Additionally, technological advancements, such as telehealth, offer opportunities to expand its application, promoting self-care in innovative ways. Training programs could also emphasize cultural competence to adapt the theory across diverse populations.
References
- Austin, M. J. (2015). Understanding nursing theories and models. F.A. Davis Company.
- Kozier, B., Erb, G., & Berman, A. (2018). Fundamentals of nursing: Concepts, process, and practice. Pearson.
- Orem, D. E. (2001). Nursing: Concepts of practice. Mosby.
- Smith, M. C., & Parker, M. E. (2015). Nursing theories and nursing practice. F. A. Davis Company.
- Alligood, M. R. (2018). Nursing theorists and their work. Elsevier.
- Fawcett, J. (2013). Analysis and evaluation of conceptual models of nursing. In Analysis and Evaluation of Nursing Theories (pp. 55-73). F. A. Davis Company.
- Roy, C. (2012). The Roy adaptation model. In Nursing theories and models (pp. 157-174). Saunders.
- McEwen, M., & Wills, E. M. (2019). Theoretical basis for nursing. Wolters Kluwer.
- Meleis, A. I. (2011). Theoretical nursing: Development & progress. Wolters Kluwer.
- Neuman, B., & Fawcett, J. (2017). The Neuman systems model. In Theories of nursing (pp. 237-259). F. A. Davis Company.
In conclusion, Orem’s Self-Care Deficit Nursing Theory remains a cornerstone in nursing practice, education, and research. Its focus on fostering independence aligns with contemporary health promotion strategies while providing a practical framework for assessing and intervening with patients. As healthcare continues to evolve with technological innovations and increased emphasis on social determinants, further development and integration of this theory will enhance its relevance and effectiveness in promoting holistic patient care.