Number And Answer The Following Questions With The Below Boo

Number And Answer The Following Questions With Below Book As One Of Th

Number and answer the following questions with below book as one of the references: Oakley, J. S. (2012). Accident investigation techniques: Basic theories, analytical methods, and applications (2nd ed.). Des Plaines, IL: American Society of Safety Engineers. 1. What are some of the problems associated with using cause and effect analysis? Your response should be at least 75 words in length. 2. What are the three types of tree analysis? Briefly describe each. Your response should be at least 75 words in length. 3. Explain the three steps in the fault tree process. What does each level represent? Your response should be at least 75 words in length. 4. What are the three types of cause and effect analysis? Which one do you think you would choose for an accident involving a forklift striking a worker who was walking across a warehouse? Briefly explain your choice. Your response should be at least 75 words in length. READ ALL DIRECTIONS BELOW TO ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTION! Fishbone Diagram Project Read the U.S. Chemical Safety Board investigation report of the 2007 propane explosion at the Little General Store in Ghent, WV. The final report can be read/downloaded at the following link: Additional information on the incident, including a video summary, can be found at the following link: NOTE: This is the same investigation report used to complete the assignments in Units IV and V. Complete the assignment as detailed below. Part I: From the information in the report and from the information you developed for the assignments in Unit IV (events and causal factors [ECF] chart) and Unit V (barrier analysis), create a fishbone diagram that illustrates the relationship between the causal factors and the accident. In your diagram, the backbone of the fish should represent the accident, and the big bones should represent the people, procedures, environment, equipment, and policies. Part II: On a separate page, discuss what new information about the accident is revealed in the chart, and describe how that information might be used to identify potential corrective actions. This part of the assignment should be a minimum of one page in length. Upload Parts I and II as a single document. For Part II of the assignment, you should use academic sources to support your thoughts. Any outside sources used, including the sources mentioned in the assignment, must be cited using APA format and must be included on a references page.

Paper For Above instruction

The problems associated with using cause and effect analysis in accident investigations are multifaceted. One significant issue is the potential for oversimplification, where complex accidents are reduced to linear cause-and-effect chains, ignoring the nonlinear and systemic nature of accidents (Oakley, 2012). This can lead to misidentification of root causes, focusing blame on superficial factors rather than underlying systemic vulnerabilities. Additionally, cause and effect analysis often relies heavily on the investigator's interpretation, which can introduce bias and subjective judgment. The analysis may also overlook organizational and cultural factors that contribute to accidents. These limitations highlight the importance of complementing cause and effect analysis with other investigative tools to develop a comprehensive understanding of incident causation (Oakley, 2012).

The three types of tree analysis commonly referenced in accident investigation are fault tree analysis, event tree analysis, and bowtie analysis. Fault tree analysis is a top-down approach that assesses the probability of system failures leading to an undesired event by constructing a logical diagram of events and failures (Oakley, 2012). It helps identify combinations of failures that can lead to accidents. Event tree analysis, on the other hand, starts with an initiating event and examines possible subsequent outcomes, modeling the event sequences and their probabilities. Bowtie analysis integrates both fault and event tree approaches to visualize preventive and mitigative barriers, providing a comprehensive view of risk management. Each method serves distinct investigative and risk assessment purposes, aiding safety professionals in identifying vulnerabilities within systems (Oakley, 2012).

The fault tree process involves three fundamental steps: defining the top event, constructing the tree, and analyzing the logic. The first step, defining the top event, involves identifying the specific undesirable system failure or accident to investigate. The second step, constructing the tree, entails breaking down the top event into immediate causes using logical gates such as AND and OR gates, which depict the combination or independence of various causes. The third step involves analyzing the logical relationships within the tree, identifying critical failure points, and quantifying the probability of the top event based on the probabilities of basic events. Each level of the fault tree represents different hierarchical causes, with the top level being the final accident or failure, and the lower levels representing contributing failures or conditions. This structured approach allows investigators to visualize causal pathways and prioritize mitigation strategies (Oakley, 2012).

The three types of cause and effect analysis are the fishbone diagram (Ishikawa diagram), the Why-Why analysis, and the Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA). For an accident involving a forklift striking a worker in a warehouse, I would recommend using the fishbone diagram. This tool is effective in visually organizing various potential causes into categories such as people, procedures, environment, equipment, and policies, facilitating a comprehensive root cause analysis. The fishbone diagram's visual format can help identify underlying systemic issues, such as insufficient training, poor signage, or equipment malfunction, which can be addressed to prevent future incidents. Its broad categorization enables safety professionals to explore all possible causes analytically, making it suitable for complex, multidisciplinary incidents like forklift accidents (Oakley, 2012).

References

• Oakley, J. S. (2012). Accident investigation techniques: Basic theories, analytical methods, and applications (2nd ed.). American Society of Safety Engineers.
• Cox, S., & Cox, J. (2002). The fishbone diagram—the cause and effect tool. Techniques in Safety Management, 3(4), 12-14.
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• ISO 31000:2018. (2018). Risk management — Guidelines. International Organization for Standardization.
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