Oral Microbiome And Diabetes And Obesity Background ✓ Solved

Oral microbiome and diabetes and obesity Background: Diabetes a

Diabetes and obesity are among the leading health problems in the US. Oral microbiome may play roles in maintaining systemic health including diabetes and obesity, through pathogen inhibition, immune regulation, nutrition absorption, and as a portal for bacteria to gain access into the respiratory and digestive tracts. However, direct evidence linking oral microbiome and diabetes and obesity is lacking.

Methods: We conducted a case-control study nested from the Southern Community Cohort Study, and sequenced the mouth rinsing samples for the 16S rRNA gene using Illumina MiSeq.

Results: A total of 693 OTUs were obtained. For each OTU, the prevalence was positively correlated to the abundance. A core microbiome composed of five genera was identified and they together comprised 83.3% of the community. Taxa in the class Clostridia increased with aging and family Leptotrichiaceae was more prevalent in Blacks relative to Whites. Phyla Bacteroidetes and Tenericutes were more abundant among participants with less education. Smokers were depleted for the phylum Proteobacteria and enriched for the phylum Actinobacteria relative to non-smokers; however, these two phyla were recovered after cessation of smoking. Alcohol drinkers, especially among Blacks with liquor consumption, were enriched for class Clostridia (phylum Firmicutes). Tooth loss was associated with decreased abundance of the phylum Proteobacteria. Phylum Actinobacteria was less common among diabetes patients than normal weight controls. Among obese patients, increased abundance was observed for family Carnobacteriaceae, and decreased abundance was observed for family Lachnospiraceae, phylum Cyanobacteria and genus Catonella.

Conclusion: In the present study, a core oral microbiome was observed in a cohort comprised largely of Blacks and low-income adults. Multiple taxa showed strong associations with demographic and lifestyle factors and diabetes and obesity etiology. A more comprehensive investigation with a large sample size is warranted.

Paper For Above Instructions

The relationship between the oral microbiome and conditions like diabetes and obesity has become a critical area of research, warranted by the increasing prevalence of these health issues in various populations, particularly in the US. This paper aims to explore this intricate relationship by addressing several pivotal questions that emerge from the study's findings.

Unknown Questions Addressed

The primary unknown question being addressed by the researchers is: How does the oral microbiome influence the pathophysiology of diabetes and obesity? This inquiry seeks to uncover the nature of interactions between oral microbial communities and systemic metabolic health, potentially elucidating mechanisms that contribute to increased risk or resilience against these conditions.

Proposed Hypothesis

Based on the findings and context provided, the hypothesis may be proposed as follows: The composition and diversity of the oral microbiome are significantly associated with the prevalence and development of diabetes and obesity, suggesting that specific microbial taxa may influence metabolic pathways through various mechanisms such as inflammation or nutrient metabolism.

Model Used

The model used in this study was a case-control design nested within a larger cohort study, specifically the Southern Community Cohort Study. This model allowed the researchers to compare microbial communities between diabetes and obesity cases relative to controls within the same population.

Outcomes and Results

One notable outcome of the study is the identification of a core microbiome consisting of five genera that represented 83.3% of the overall microbial community. Additionally, significant correlations were observed between the diversity of oral taxa and factors such as age, race, education, smoking status, and oral health (e.g., tooth loss), all of which are known to interplay with diabetes and obesity.

Experimental Tools Used

The research employed advanced genomic sequencing methods, specifically utilizing the Illumina MiSeq platform to sequence 16S rRNA gene amplicons derived from mouth rinsing samples. This technology enabled the precise identification and quantification of various microbial taxa within the oral cavity.

Importance of the Study

This study holds significant importance as it offers insights into the potential role of the oral microbiome in systemic health, particularly in metabolic disorders like diabetes and obesity. Understanding these relationships could lead to the identification of biomarkers for early diagnosis or contribute to developing targeted therapeutic interventions aimed at modulating the microbiome.

Broader Impact for Mankind

Yes, this study potentially provides a broader impact for mankind by suggesting that interventions aimed at modifying the oral microbiome could serve as a novel strategy for preventing and managing diabetes and obesity. Given the global scale of these diseases, understanding how microbial communities affect metabolic health could pave the way for innovative public health approaches and personalized medicine.

Target Proteins or Cell Types

The primary targets of this study include various bacterial taxa representative of the oral microbiome, focusing on those linked with metabolic dysfunctions. Further investigation could explore other proteins or cell types related to immune response (e.g., cytokines) and gut microbiome interactions, which might also influence disease outcomes.

Conclusion

This comprehensive exploration into the interplay between the oral microbiome and metabolic health unveils crucial avenues for future research. As chronic diseases like diabetes and obesity continue to pose significant health challenges globally, understanding the microbial dimensions of these ailments could ultimately lead to more effective prevention and treatment strategies.

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