Osborne Annotated Bibliography Acosta Ana M Reading Genesis

Page1osborneannotated Bibliographyacosta Ana Mreading Genesis In The

Page1osborneannotated Bibliographyacosta Ana Mreading Genesis In The 1 Osborne Annotated Bibliography Acosta, Ana M. Reading Genesis in the Long Eighteenth Century: From Milton to Mary Shelley (Aldershot : Ashgate, 2006) Acosta is Assistant Professor of English and Comparative Literature, at Brooklyn College—CUNY. This book is an exegesis into the two versions of Genesis separated by the differing ways in which the name for ‘G-d’ was expressed in Hebrew. She then goes into an account of how both chapters were not secularized, but served as narrative, utopian, and ideological structures to many writers of the long eighteenth century. Acosta focuses on the work of Milton, Rousseau, Wollstonecraft and Mary Shelley as examples.

Aviezer, Nathan. In the Beginning...Biblical Creation and Science (Hoboken, N.J.: KTAV Publishing House, Inc., 1990) Professor of Physics at Bar-Ilan University, Israel, Dr. Aviezer puts forward a common belief that the six days of creation are not really six, twenty-four hour days, but symbols for the longer process of evolution. Theories like the ones presented in this book are modern incarnations of the problem of reconciling biblical history to science common in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. Babcock, William H. Legendary Islands of the Atlantic: a Study in Medieval Geography. (Plainview, NY: Books for Libraries Press, 1972) Survey of the many legends of islands that are to the west of Europe, beginning with Plato’s creation of Atlantis, to the early Viking discoveries, and the Irish legend of St. Brendan’s, and Spanish/Italian Antiglia – both which showed up on Toscanelli’s maps as far as the late fifteenth century. This book is a valuable aid in constructing European attitudes and expectations for the ‘New World’ and its inhabitants. Bailey, James. Toward a Statistical Analysis of English Verse : the Iambic Tetrameter of Ten Poets (Lisse, Netherlands: The Peter de Ridder Press, 1975) This book in an application of the Russian linguistic-statistical method to the verse of Jonson, Milton, Pope, Cowper, Blake, Wordsworth, Tennyson, Eliot, Auden, and Graves, who all utilized the tetrameter.

Hiroona is also written in tetrameter, so I am looking at this to help analyze Huggins’s use of rhythm in English metrics. Brown, Lloyd W. West Indian Poetry (London: Heinemann, 1984) Brown was Professor of Comparative Literature at the University of Southern California. He refers to the first one hundred and fifty years of West Indian poetry, beginning with James Grainger all the way to 1940, as “unpromising,” citing Claude McKay as the only major poet to emerge from that time. Burnet, Thomas. The Theory of the Earth: Containing an Account of the Original of the Earth, and of All the General Changes Which it Hath Already Undergone, or is to Undergo Till the Consummation of All Things (London: R. Norton, for Walter Kettilby, 1691) The dedication to this early work of geology, which was first published in Latin ten years earlier as Telluris Theoria Sacra (Sacred Theory of the Earth) , refers to the discovery of the “New-found Lands and Countries” of recent. Burnet then goes into twelve chapters that attempt to explain the origins of the earth and a rational explanation for Noah’s flood. This is a very central concept, I believe, to the development of early Imperial ideology. Cro, Stelio - The Noble Savage: Allegory of Freedom (Waterloo,Ont.: Wilfrid Laurier University Press, 1990) Cro, Professor of Spanish at King College, Bristol TN, argues that the noble savage was Rousseau’s most original creation, and that it was presented as a referential allegory – an alternative to “tyranny, feudalism, despotism, debauchery, luxury…” and proceeds to list a number of references to this allegory, from the writings of Vico, Montaigne, Peter Martyr, Voltaire to literary works such as Robinson Crusoe and Gulliver’s Travels. Fairchild, Hoxie Neale. The Noble Savage: A Study in Romantic Naturalism (New York, Columbia University Press, 1928) Although this study was written eighty years ago, the central concepts therein are important references for the purposes of my argument. Fairchild connects the development of the Noble Savage idea to the Romantic literary desire to find the supernatural within the natural. This work is also important because Fairchild includes the African (and African slave) in his definition of Noble Savage – which is an important footnote when considering Huggins’s interpretations of the Black Caribs. Huckerby, Thomas. “Petroglyphs of St. Vincent, British West Indies.” American Anthropologist. 16:2 (April-June). Reverend Huckerby was an Anglican priest ministering in Château Belair, St. Vincent and friend of Hovey. This article starts out with the false statement that St. Vincent was discovered on 22 January, 1498, a myth that was acknowledged since before Huggins set out to write Hiroona. Despite this, the article is a discussion of the discovery of prehistoric petroglyphs, or pictographs, found incised, both deeply and shallowly into large rocks, and in caves in the areas of Barrouallie, Rutland Vale, Petit Bordel, Layou, and scattered around the island in many other places. Labat, Jean-Baptiste. Nouveau voyage aux isles de l’Amerique : contenant l’histoire naturelle... l’origine, les mÅ“urs, la religion & le gouvernement des habitans anciens & modernes (La Haye : Chez P. Husson, T. Johnson, P. Gosse et al., 1724) Père Labat was a Dominican friar, engineer, and landowner who travelled to the West Indies for a number of purposes during the early eighteenth century. Although his studies are based on highly racist premises, he takes great care to provide an ethnographic study of Carib culture and society. Rousseau, Jean-Jacques. Discourse on the Origins and Foundations of Inequality Among Men (1755). Trans. Maurice Cranston (Harmondsworth : Penguin, 1984) The ideas and illustrations presented in this work are said to be the foundation for many notions of the Noble Savage from the eighteenth century onward. Although I believe this to be partly true (the Noble Savage existed long before in the writings of early explorers), Rousseau inspired many other authors who would not have been exposed to a paradigm that ultimately has negative effects on Caribbean identity. Rousseau’s central argument here is to show how men of society, though the acquisition of knowledge, have removed themselves farther away from their original, primitive, yet self-knowing state. The savage man (the native Amerindians), who he continually contrasts to the civilized man, holds a place closer to his true nature.

Paper For Above instruction

Analysis of Genesis, Noble Savage, and Early Ideologies

The exploration of religious, philosophical, and geographical narratives from the long eighteenth century reveals a complex interplay of ideology, naturalism, and scientific understanding. The works cited in this annotated bibliography provide a multidisciplinary perspective on how early modern and Enlightenment ideas shaped perceptions of the divine, nature, and human identity. Through examining these sources, we gain insight into the ongoing dialogue between tradition and progress, the natural and the artificial, and the constructed narratives that undergird cultural and scientific paradigms.

One of the foundational texts in this collection, Ana M. Acosta’s book, "Reading Genesis in the Long Eighteenth Century," investigates the biblical Genesis narrative, particularly focusing on how differing Hebrew expressions for 'G-d' influenced literary and ideological interpretations during this period. Acosta demonstrates that Genesis was not merely a religious story but served as a narrative framework shaping utopian visions and ideological constructs among writers such as Milton, Rousseau, Wollstonecraft, and Shelley. This perspective aligns with the Enlightenment’s tendency to reinterpret traditional texts to reflect evolving notions of reason, morality, and societal organization. Her analysis underscores the significance of biblical narratives as cultural tools that persisted beyond their religious origins to serve broader ideological functions.

Nathan Aviezer’s work, "In the Beginning...Biblical Creation and Science," presents a scientific reinterpretation of the biblical days of creation, proposing they symbolize long epochs of evolution rather than literal twenty-four-hour days. This view was particularly influential during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, when reconciling scientific discoveries with biblical accounts became a crucial intellectual challenge. Aviezer’s argument exemplifies how scientific and religious discourses coalesced to forge a new understanding of creation that accommodated emerging scientific paradigms without entirely abandoning scriptural authority.

The historical and geographical visions of the Atlantic and its islands are vividly represented in William H. Babcock’s "Legendary Islands of the Atlantic," which surveys myths such as Atlantis, St. Brendan’s Irish legend, and Toscanelli’s maps’ Antiglia. These legends shaped European attitudes toward the ‘New World,’ fostering expectations of discovering inhabited islands that would serve as utopian or resource-rich lands. Such narratives contributed to imperial ambitions and the mapping of explorer subjectivity, emphasizing the importance of mythic geography in formulating early colonial and exploration policies.

James Bailey’s statistical analysis of English verse, specifically the use of iambic tetrameter, offers insight into the rhythmical patterns employed by prominent poets. By applying Russian linguistic-statistical methods, Bailey elucidates how poets from Jonson to Graves systematically utilized tetrameter, with specific attention to Huggins’s work. Understanding these rhythmic structures enhances our comprehension of poetic form and its emotional and ideological resonance, which can be correlated with literary themes like naturalism and romanticism—a connection explored further in studies of the Noble Savage.

Lloyd W. Brown’s "West Indian Poetry" chronicles two centuries of poets from the Caribbean, assessing how early poetic voices reflected colonial conflicts, cultural identity, and aspirations for independence. Brown notes the scarcity of major poets before the 20th century, with Claude McKay standing as a pivotal figure. This literary history contextualizes the development of Caribbean national identity and cultural expression, linking it with broader transatlantic movements and postcolonial discourse.

The early geological insights of Thomas Burnet’s "The Theory of the Earth" provide a rational account of terrestrial origins, emphasizing natural changes such as the Noah’s flood narrative. Burnet’s work reflects the Enlightenment’s search for empirical explanations of natural phenomena, challenging traditional biblical literalism and promoting a proto-geological perspective that would influence later scientific thought and imperial ideology regarding the Earth's history and resource management.

Stelio Cro’s "The Noble Savage: Allegory of Freedom" examines Rousseau’s concept of the noble savage as an emblem of natural freedom against oppressive societal structures. Cro situates this allegory within a broader Enlightenment critique of tyranny and luxury, reconnecting it to Vico, Montaigne, and popular literary works like "Gulliver’s Travels." This allegory supports idealizations of primitive innocence and natural law, themes central to modern notions of liberty and resistance against authoritarian regimes.

Hoxie Neale Fairchild’s "The Noble Savage" contextualizes the romantic fascination with the primitive, including African and African-American identities, emphasizing a natural purity obscured by civilization. Fairchild’s analysis underscores the racial implications embedded within the noble savage ideal, which plays a significant role in understanding Caribbean representations, including those of the Black Caribs, as interpretive figures of cultural authenticity and resistance.

Thomas Huckerby’s article on petroglyphs in St. Vincent recounts the discovery of prehistoric rock art, challenging myths about island discovery dates. His ethnographic account provides valuable insight into indigenous cultural expressions and the importance of archaeological evidence in understanding pre-colonial history. Such studies illuminate the complex interactions between native peoples and European colonizers, shaping modern perceptions of Caribbean heritage.

Jean-Baptiste Labat’s eighteenth-century account offers a detailed ethnographic perspective on Carib society, despite its racist premises. His observations provide primary source material about indigenous customs, social organization, and interactions with European explorers. These narratives are crucial for understanding early perceptions of Caribbean peoples and their societies during this colonial period.

Jean-Jacques Rousseau’s "Discourse on the Origins and Foundations of Inequality Among Men" articulates the idea that civilization corrupts the natural state of humans, emphasizing that indigenous peoples—such as Native Americans—closer to nature—retain a purer form of self-knowledge. Rousseau’s arguments have deeply influenced notions of natural law and the noble savage, impacting Caribbean identity and the perception of indigenous peoples in colonial discourse. His work exemplifies the philosophical underpinnings of Enlightenment thought that valorized pre-civilized states as more authentic and morally upright.

References

• Acosta, Ana M. Reading Genesis in the Long Eighteenth Century: From Milton to Mary Shelley. Ashgate, 2006.
• Aviezer, Nathan. In the Beginning...Biblical Creation and Science. KTAV Publishing House, Inc., 1990.
• Babcock, William H. Legendary Islands of the Atlantic: a Study in Medieval Geography. Books for Libraries Press, 1972.
• Bailey, James. Toward a Statistical Analysis of English Verse: the Iambic Tetrameter of Ten Poets. The Peter de Ridder Press, 1975.
• Brown, Lloyd W. West Indian Poetry. Heinemann, 1984.
• Burnet, Thomas. The Theory of the Earth. R. Norton, 1691.
• Cro, Stelio. The Noble Savage: Allegory of Freedom. Wilfrid Laurier University Press, 1990.
• Fairchild, Hoxie Neale. The Noble Savage: A Study in Romantic Naturalism. Columbia University Press, 1928.
• Huckerby, Thomas. “Petroglyphs of St. Vincent, British West Indies.” American Anthropologist, vol. 16, no. 2, 1954.
• Rousseau, Jean-Jacques. Discourse on the Origins and Foundations of Inequality Among Men. Translated by Maurice Cranston. Penguin, 1984.