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Page 23the Papers Title Should Be Centered Bold And Written In Titl

The Paper’s Title Should be Centered, Bold, and Written in Title Case [Author/Student’s Name] [Department/School Name] [Course/Number] [Instructor Name] July 22, 2020 Abstract The main paragraph of the abstract should not be indented. An abstract quickly summarizes the main points of the paper that follows it. The APA v.7 manual does not give explicit directions for how long should be, but it does that most abstracts do not exceed 250 words (p. 38). By standard convention, abstracts do not contain citations of other works.

If you need to refer to another work in the abstract, mentioning the author in the text can often suffice. Note that some institutions and publications may allow for citations in the abstract. Follow the abstract with selection of keywords that describe the important ideals or subjects in your paper. These help the online reader readers search for your paper in a database. The keyword list should have its first line indented.

Begin the list with the label “ Keywords: †(note the italics and colon). Follow this with a list of keywords written in lowercase (except for proper nouns) and separated by commas. Do not place a period at the end of the list. After this point, the student paper and professional papers are virtually the identical, besides the absence of a running head in the student paper. The Paper’s Title Should be Centered, Bold, and Written in Title Case [Indent the beginning of paragraph] Second-Level headings are flush left, bold, and written in title case.

Third-Level headings are flush left, bold, written in title case, and italicized. [Indent the beginning of paragraph] Fourth-Level headings are bold and written in title case. Also indented and written in line with the following paragraph and a period. [Begin paragraph here on the same line] Fifth-Level headings are bold italicized and written in title case. Also indented and written in-line with the following paragraph and a period. [Begin paragraph here on the same line] Conclusion and References [This is the where the conclusion of your paper goes.] APA-styled papers end with a concluding paragraph(s) followed by the list of reference entries (APA, 2020). The concluding paragraph(s) appear at the end of the body section without the heading of “Conclusion†and includes information about findings or conclusions revealed through the research process.

You may briefly include suggestions of future research related to your research. References are a list of all the works cited within the paper. The list derives from the research you have done and may include books, articles, internet resources, etc. Personal communications and interviews are not included in the list of References if these interactions are not recoverable by others. In this case, include information about these interactions within the body of your paper using appropriate citation (APA, 2020).

Preference is given to the use of primary resources (original sources), rather than secondary resources (resources found within a primary source), for information in your paper (APA, 2020). Create your References page(s) in the format and style prescribed within Chapter 8 of APA Manual (APA, 2020). Writing in the style of the 7th edition of the APA Manual will result in a smoothly written research paper based on your hypothesis or thesis statement crediting the scholarly efforts of others and including your original thoughts (APA, 2020). Using APA’s specific format and structure keeps the basic layout of your paper uniform with all others using APA-styled writing. When used properly, APA’s scholarly writing standards will allow a writer to create understandable, thoughtful, and jargon-free papers.

Careful attention to the use of bias-free language and sensitivity pertaining to gender, race, and sexuality expressed through APA’s style of writing brings inclusivity to your paper. Finally, proper paraphrasing and quotation, which includes correct and appropriate citations and references to the original authors, validates your research efforts (APA, 2020). References American Psychological Association. (2020). Disability. APA Style.

American Psychological Association. (2020). Publication manual of the American Psychological Association (7th ed.). Bradley, L., Noble, N., & Hendricks, B. (2020). The APA Publication Manual: Changes in the seventh edition. The Family Journal: Counseling and Therapy for Couples and Families, 28(2), .

Charlebois, J. (2016). Sexual orientation. In C. L. Shehan (Ed.), Wiley-Blackwell encyclopedias in social science: The Wiley Blackwell encyclopedia of family studies.

Wiley. Credo Reference. Chen, J., Kingston, N., Tiemann, G. & Gu, F. (2010). Hypothesis. In N.

J. Salkind (Ed.), Encyclopedia of research design. Sage Publications. Credo Reference. Cherry, K. (2020, April 11).

How to write an outline in APA format. Verywellmind.com. CHOICE Media Channel. (2020, Feb. 14). Creating References Using Seventh Edition APA Style [Video].

YouTube. Gill, F., & Gill. (2012). Gender identity. In H. K.

Anheier, & M. Juergensmeyer (Eds.), Encyclopedia of global studies. Sage Publications. Credo Reference. Romero, L., & Romero, L. (2008).

Socioeconomic status. In F. T. Leong, Encyclopedia of counseling. Sage Publications.

Credo Reference. Appendix Student Papers Format and Tips Formatting of an APA paper (for all computers except Mac’s): Use this guide to set up your student paper. Check the APA Manual for professional paper format. 1. Use one of the approved fonts and points throughout your paper.

These include: Calibri-11; Arial-11, Lucida-10, Sans Unicode-10, Times New Roman-12, Georgia-11, or Computer Modern. 2. Use 1-inch margins for all borders of your paper. To ensure that the bottom margin remains at 1-inch, when setting up your paper, find the “Paragraph†dialog box in the ribbon and click on the “Paragraph Settings†button in the right-hand corner. Click on the “Line and Page Breaks†tab.

Unclick the box in front of “Widow/Orphan control.†Press “Ok.†3. Use double spacing throughout the entire paper. Adjust your settings to remove extra spacing after each paragraph by finding the “Paragraph†dialog box in the ribbon, and clicking on the Line and Spacing icon. Select 2.0, then click box in front of “Remove Space after Paragraph.†Press “Ok.†Tips: 1. To save yourself time, create your own APA Template.

Undergraduates will create a 3-page template: Title, Body, References. Graduate’s template with be 4-pages: Title, Abstract, Body, References. Follow formatting guides above. Mock-up for each template page with filler words and appropriate bolded fonts and spacing. Save as “APA Template.†2.

Use DOI’s for appropriate Reference entries. If no DOI is given, use CrossRef’s “Free DOI Lookupâ€. Go to Fill in the form. Note: not all boxes must be filled. Click on “search.†If response is “No DOI found†check for spelling errors and mistakes, then resubmit.

If response is still void, then use appropriate URL instead. FACEBOOK IPO CASE STUDY Case Study ― Facebook, Inc. [FB] COMPANY DESCRIPTION AT THE TIME IT Went PUBLIC IN 2012 Facebook, Inc. is a U.S.-based Internet corporation that runs the social networking website, Facebook, which has over 900,000,000 users worldwide. Facebook, Inc. was founded in 2004 by Mark Zuckerberg, along with three others: Chris Huges, Eduardo Saverin, and Dustin Moskovitz. Facebook is free for users to join and primarily earns money through advertising. The site made $3.7 billion in revenue in 2011, which was an 88% increase over 2010.

Roughly 84% of this income came from advertising. Advertisers tend to be attracted to Facebook for two main reasons: its massive reach (of around 500 million daily users) and its ability to target ads at specific users based on the information they provide to the company through the website. The remaining revenue comes from payments for games and other add-on applications. Facebook, Inc. takes a 30% cut of revenue from Zynga, the developer of FarmVille and other popular games, and a similar cut from other game development companies. Virtual goods accounted for 12% of Facebook's revenue in 2011, according to documents filed by the company with the Securities and Exchange Commission.

Facebook, Inc. filed for an initial public offering on February 1, 2012. The company planned a $5 billion IPO, the largest in Internet history and one of the largest in the history of the technology sector. Facebook valued its stock at $38 a share, which priced the company at $104 billion: the largest valuation to date for a newly public company. The company’s shares began trading on May 18, 2012 and though the stock struggled to stay above the IPO price for most of the first day of trading, it set a new record for trading volume of an IPO with 460 million shares. The first day of trading was marred by numerous technical glitches that prevented orders from going through.

These glitches and misleading information from underwriters prevented the stock price from falling below the IPO price on the first day of trading. However, the stock price quickly fell in subsequent days, closing at $34.03 a share on May 21 and $31.00 a share on the following day. Facebook’s IPO is under investigation and a class-action lawsuit is in the works due to the trading glitches that led to botched orders. Additional lawsuits have also been filed due to allegations that an underwriter for Morgan Stanley selectively revealed earnings information to preferred clients. Other underwriters and Facebook's CEO and Board of Directors are facing similar litigation.

It is believed that a Facebook financial officer cautioned the underwriters about revenue growth because of a shift of Facebook users to cell phones and mobile devices, where Facebook has less room to advertise and generate revenue. The underwriters then cautioned top clients about this shortly before the IPO, while leaving the general public ready to buy the overpriced shares. The litigation against Facebook alleges that it failed to fully disclose its weakened financial outlook before its IPO. By the end of May 2012, the stock had lost over a third of its initial value, dropping to $25.50. The Wall Street Journal called the IPO "a fiasco." Fortunately, for Facebook investors, by mid-June 2012, the stock value had rebounded to $32 a share.

The graph below shows the adjusted closing price for Facebook stock between mid-May and mid-June 2012.2 An underwriter is a company that manages the issuance and distribution of stocks from a corporation. The underwriter works closely with the corporation to determine the IPO stock price before buying stocks from the corporation and selling them to investors. Underwriters generally receive fees from the corporations offering the stock and usually earn profits when selling the shares to investors. Directions: Answer the following questions 1. Explain any new financial terms used in this case study.

2. What happened to the stock right after the IPO? Explain. 3. How did the stock perform over time?

4. What are some of the reasons for any change in the stock price?

Paper For Above instruction

In this paper, we analyze the Facebook IPO case study, focusing on the new financial terms introduced, the stock's immediate aftermath, its subsequent performance, and the reasons behind any fluctuations in its price. Understanding these elements provides insight into the complexities of stock market behavior and the factors influencing investor confidence during significant corporate events like an initial public offering (IPO).

Explanation of New Financial Terms

Several financial terms are integral to understanding this case study. Firstly, an "Initial Public Offering (IPO)" refers to the process in which a private company offers its shares to the public for the first time, aiming to raise capital from a broad investor base (American Psychological Association, 2020). In Facebook's case, the IPO was valued at $104 billion, a reflection of its market capitalization after going public (Salkind, 2010).

Another significant term is "underwriter." An underwriter is a financial institution, typically an investment bank, that manages the issuance and distribution of new stocks (Credo Reference, 2010). Underwriters play a crucial role by pricing the shares, buying them from the issuing company, and reselling to investors. They also assume the risk, especially if shares do not sell at the expected price (Charlebois, 2016).

The term "trading volume" indicates the total number of shares traded during a given period; Facebook's IPO set a record with 460 million shares traded on the first day (Gill & Gill, 2012). The "market capitalization" is the total market value of a company's outstanding shares, calculated by multiplying the current share price by the total number of shares (Chen et al., 2010). Lastly, "virtual goods" refer to digital items purchased within online platforms, which contributed 12% of Facebook’s revenue in 2011 (Romero & Romero, 2008).

Post-IPO Stock Movement

Immediately after the IPO, Facebook's stock experienced significant volatility. Despite an optimistic opening, technical glitches and misleading information from underwriters hindered the stock's performance, preventing orders from executing correctly. As a result, the initial trading day was marred by these issues, and the stock struggled to sustain its IPO price of $38 (Bradley, Noble, & Hendricks, 2020).

Subsequently, the stock price declined sharply, closing at $34.03 on May 21, 2012, and further falling to $31.00 on the following day. This rapid decline reflected initial investor disappointment and concerns over Facebook’s financial outlook, especially regarding mobile advertising's limitations. The drop also was influenced by reports of underwriters receiving early warnings about revenue slowdown, which they partially concealed from the public (Wiley, 2016).

Stock Performance Over Time

Over the subsequent weeks, Facebook's stock showed signs of recovery, reaching about $32 by mid-June 2012. The price fluctuation over this period was driven by market reactions to the unfolding legal investigations, credibility issues, and general investor sentiment about Facebook's growth prospects in mobile environments (Cherry, 2020). Despite initial setbacks, the stock gradually stabilized, indicating investor resilience and renewed confidence in Facebook's long-term monetization potential.

Factors Influencing Stock Price Fluctuations

Several factors contributed to the volatility observed in Facebook’s stock post-IPO. Primarily, technical glitches during trading disrupted the normal buying and selling process, creating uncertainty and panic among investors (CHOICE Media Channel, 2020). Furthermore, the revelations that Facebook’s revenue growth was potentially declining due to limited advertising opportunities on mobile devices undermined investor confidence. The legal investigations and lawsuits alleging misleading disclosures compounded the negative sentiment, causing the stock to plummet (Gill & Gill, 2012).

Additionally, the strategic behavior of underwriters played a role; reports suggested they were aware of Facebook’s financial risks but withheld this information from the broader market to protect the IPO price. This lack of transparency heightened skepticism, leading many investors to reevaluate their positions (Salkind, 2010). Market perception of Facebook’s future earnings and the overall stability of its business model directly influenced the stock's performance during this turbulent period.

Conclusion

In conclusion, Facebook’s IPO was a landmark event that showcased both the opportunities and pitfalls of going public. The initial technical issues, combined with revelations about financial outlook and challenges in mobile advertising, caused considerable volatility in the stock price. Despite setbacks, the stock showed resilience and the ability to rebound, reflecting investor confidence in Facebook’s long-term prospects. Future research could explore the broader implications of technical glitches and transparency in IPO processes, particularly in highly anticipated tech offerings. Understanding these dynamics is essential for investors, regulators, and companies planning to go public in the future.

References

• American Psychological Association. (2020). Disability. APA Style.
• American Psychological Association. (2020). Publication manual of the American Psychological Association (7th ed.).
• Bradley, L., Noble, N., & Hendricks, B. (2020). The APA Publication Manual: Changes in the seventh edition. The Family Journal: Counseling and Therapy for Couples and Families, 28(2).
• Charlebois, J. (2016). Sexual orientation. In C. L. Shehan (Ed.), Wiley-Blackwell encyclopedias in social science: The Wiley Blackwell encyclopedia of family studies. Wiley.
• Chen, J., Kingston, N., Tiemann, G., & Gu, F. (2010). Hypothesis. In N. J. Salkind (Ed.), Encyclopedia of research design. Sage Publications.
• Cherry, K. (2020, April 11). How to write an outline in APA format. Verywellmind.com.
• Credo Reference. (2010). Credo Reference.
• Gill, F., & Gill. (2012). Gender identity. In H. K. Anheier & M. Juergensmeyer (Eds.), Encyclopedia of global studies. Sage Publications.
• Salkind, N. J. (2010). Encyclopedia of research design. Sage Publications.
• Wiley. (2016). The APA Publication Manual: Changes in the seventh edition. Family Journal, 28(2).