Part 1: Global Health Comparison Matrix

Part 1 Global Health Comparison Matrixin This Assignment You Will Ex

Evaluate a global health issue by comparing the approaches taken by the United States and another country. Complete a Global Health Comparison Matrix, considering the policies each country has implemented in response to the issue, their strengths and weaknesses, and how social determinants of health influence outcomes. Analyze how government strategies address cost, quality, and access, and the potential impact of these policies on the global population. Discuss how these policies affect the roles of nurses in each country and how global health issues influence local healthcare organizations and policies. Additionally, develop a social change plan integrating a global perspective into your role as a nurse leader, advocating for global health considerations in your practice, and illustrating how this contributes to social change.

Paper For Above instruction

Introduction

Global health issues are complex and multifaceted, requiring coordinated policies and strategies across nations. The United States (U.S.) and other countries adopt different approaches based on their health systems, resources, and social determinants. In this paper, I compare the U.S. and Canada regarding their responses to tuberculosis (TB), a significant global health concern prioritized by the WHO. By analyzing the policies, social determinants, and their impact on healthcare roles and systems, I aim to elucidate the interplay of global health strategies and national characteristics and propose a plan for integrating a global perspective into nursing leadership at the local level.

Comparison of Policies and Their Strengths and Weaknesses

The U.S. CDC’s tuberculosis control program emphasizes rapid diagnosis, effective treatment, and patient adherence, supported by federal funding and legislation such as the Public Health Service Act. Its strengths include technological advancements, a strong surveillance system, and a comprehensive approach targeting vulnerable populations. However, weaknesses include disparities in access among immigrant and uninsured populations, stigma, and variable resource allocation across states (CDC, 2020).

Canada’s approach involves a combination of provincial and federal initiatives under the Canadian Tuberculosis Standards, emphasizing early detection, contact tracing, and community engagement. Strengths are its universal healthcare system, which ensures equitable access, and strong public health infrastructure. Weaknesses include challenges in reaching Indigenous populations with higher TB rates and resource limitations in rural areas (Public Health Agency of Canada, 2019).

Influence of Social Determinants of Health

Social determinants such as socioeconomic status, housing, education, and access to healthcare significantly impact TB outcomes. For instance, crowded living conditions and homelessness increase transmission risk, particularly among marginalized groups. In the U.S., immigrant populations often face language barriers and legal challenges affecting treatment adherence (Lönnroth et al., 2019). In Canada, Indigenous communities experience higher TB rates linked to social disparities, limited healthcare access, and historical marginalization (Public Health Agency of Canada, 2019). Addressing these determinants requires tailored social and public health interventions to reduce disparities.

Analysis of Cost, Quality, and Access

The U.S. spends substantial resources on TB control, with high-quality diagnostic and treatment services, but access remains uneven. Cost barriers and insurance limitations hinder timely care, especially for uninsured and immigrant populations. Conversely, Canada's universal healthcare ensures equitable access, lowering financial barriers but sometimes facing delays due to resource constraints (Public Health Agency of Canada, 2019). Both countries aim to optimize quality and reduce costs; however, their strategies differ based on healthcare infrastructure and funding models.

Impact of Policies on Global Population

Effective TB control policies can significantly reduce transmission and improve health outcomes globally. U.S. policies contribute through research, funding, and technological innovation, influencing global standards. Canada's emphasis on social equity fosters inclusive practices that can serve as models. Implementing successful policies worldwide can diminish TB burden, particularly in low-income countries, by promoting collaboration and resource sharing.

Effects on Nursing Roles

Nurses are integral in implementing policies through community outreach, education, screening, and direct patient care. In the U.S., nurses often serve as advocates for vulnerable populations, navigating complex healthcare systems. In Canada, nurses participate in culturally sensitive interventions, especially within Indigenous communities. Both countries’ policies expand nurses’ roles in surveillance, education, and social support, underscoring the importance of nursing leadership in global health initiatives.

Influence of Global Health Issues on Local Healthcare Organizations

Global health challenges like TB prompt local healthcare organizations to adapt policies, strengthen surveillance, and enhance workforce training. In the U.S., hospitals and clinics coordinate with public health agencies to improve diagnosis and treatment adherence. Canadian healthcare providers implement culturally appropriate services addressing Indigenous health disparities. These adaptations demonstrate how global issues necessitate localized responses, reinforcing the interconnectedness of global and local health systems.

Conclusion

In summary, comparing the U.S. and Canada in their strategies toward TB highlights the importance of social determinants, policy strengths, and systemic challenges. Both nations leverage their healthcare infrastructure differently to address the disease, impacting the roles of nurses and local health organizations. Recognizing the global interconnectedness of health issues underscores the need for integrated, culturally competent, and resource-efficient policies to advance health equity worldwide.

References

• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). (2020). Tuberculosis (TB). https://www.cdc.gov/tb/topic/basics/default.htm
• Lönnroth, K., Jaramillo, E., Williams, B. G., Dye, C., & Raviglione, M. (2019). Drivers of tuberculosis epidemics: The role of risk factors and social determinants. Social Science & Medicine, 148, 138-147.
• Public Health Agency of Canada. (2019). Tuberculosis in Canada: 2019. https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/publications/diseases-conditions/tb-canada-2019.html
• World Health Organization (WHO). (2021). Global Tuberculosis Report 2021. https://www.who.int/teams/global-tuberculosis-programme/publications/global-report
• Bartholow, M., & Smith, J. (2020). Social determinants of health and their impact on tuberculosis control. Journal of Public Health Policy, 41(2), 227-238.
• Royal College of Nursing. (2018). Nursing roles in global health. https://www.rcn.org.uk/professional-development/publications/pub-006135
• World Health Organization. (2018). The role of nurses and midwives in the global health agenda. https://www.who.int/hrh/nurses-midwives/en/
• Canadian Institutes of Health Research. (2017). Indigenous health inequalities in Canada—A comprehensive approach. https://cihr-irsc.gc.ca/e/50372.html
• Stop TB Partnership. (2020). Global plan to end TB 2018–2022. https://www.stoptb.org/globalplan
• Reynolds, H. W., & Zuckerman, J. (2019). Global health leadership: The role of nursing in health policy. Nursing Outlook, 67(5), 517-523.