PBE Dis Http Www Science Direct Com Ez Proxy Sn Hu Edu Scien
Pbe Dishttpwwwsciencedirectcomezproxysnhuedusciencearticlep
Pbe Dishttpwwwsciencedirectcomezproxysnhuedusciencearticlep
Pbe-dis Developmental origins of metabolic disease: life course and intergenerational perspectives · Keith M. Godfrey 1 , 2 , 3 , · Peter D. Gluckman 4 , 5 , · Mark A. Hanson 1 , 2 , Show more Note: Two pages initial post; you should summarize the article for your group members. Address the following questions: · What framework or model was discussed in the article? · What did you learn? · How is this framework or model important in public health? · What factors that influence health or health behaviors were discussed? · What is the importance of these factors when designing public health programs?
You may need to do some additional outside research. Note: Response (will be 4 response) When responding to your classmates you should evaluate their summaries. How are the frameworks or models that they summarized similar or different to the framework or model that you summarized? What health factors or behaviors did they identify that you had not considered?
Paper For Above instruction
Introduction
The article "Developmental origins of metabolic disease: life course and intergenerational perspectives" by Keith M. Godfrey, Peter D.. Gluckman, and Mark A. Hanson explores the profound impact of early developmental stages on long-term metabolic health. It emphasizes the importance of understanding how genetic, environmental, and social factors interact across the lifespan and generations to influence the risk of metabolic disorders such as obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. This research underscores the significance of adopting a life course and intergenerational approach in public health strategies to effectively prevent these diseases.
Framework or Model Discussed in the Article
The central framework discussed in the article is the "Developmental Origins of Health and Disease" (DOHaD) model. This model posits that health outcomes in adulthood are significantly shaped by environmental exposures and nutritional statuses during critical periods of development, including fetal life, infancy, and early childhood. It emphasizes that the intrauterine environment and early postnatal periods are crucial windows affecting gene expression, metabolic programming, and disease susceptibility later in life. The DOHaD model integrates concepts from epigenetics, developmental plasticity, and environmental influence, highlighting that early-life interventions can modify disease risk trajectories, potentially reducing the burden of metabolic diseases.
What I Learned from the Article
From this article, I learned that early developmental periods are not only sensitive to environmental influences but also that these influences can have intergenerational effects. The article elucidates that maternal nutrition, stress, and exposure to environmental toxins can program metabolic pathways in the fetus, predisposing offspring to metabolic disorders. Additionally, the concept of developmental plasticity suggests that early-life interventions—improving maternal health, nutrition, and reducing exposure to harmful environmental factors—could substantially decrease the incidence of chronic metabolic diseases. An important takeaway is that interventions should extend beyond the individual to include maternal and even grandmaternal health, emphasizing a multi-generational approach in public health planning.
Importance of the Framework/Model in Public Health
The DOHaD model holds significant importance in public health because it shifts the focus from treating diseases in adulthood to preventing them through early life interventions. Recognizing that many metabolic diseases originate in early development enables policymakers and healthcare providers to implement targeted strategies in maternal and child health programs. These strategies include nutritional support for pregnant women, reducing maternal stress, preventing exposure to environmental toxins, and promoting breastfeeding—all of which can alter disease trajectories. Implementing these interventions at critical developmental stages can substantially reduce the prevalence of metabolic diseases, lower healthcare costs, and improve population health outcomes.
Factors Influencing Health or Health Behaviors Discussed
Several factors influencing health and health behaviors are discussed in the article. These include maternal nutrition, stress levels, environmental toxin exposure, and socioeconomic status. Maternal nutritional deficiencies or excesses can influence fetal programming, affecting the child's future metabolic health. Stress during pregnancy may alter hormonal pathways, impacting fetal development. Environmental toxins like endocrine disruptors can interfere with metabolic regulation. Socioeconomic factors influence access to adequate nutrition and healthcare, thereby affecting developmental environments. These factors are interconnected and highlight the importance of a comprehensive approach to health promotion that addresses social determinants alongside biological factors.
Implications for Public Health Program Design
In designing public health programs, understanding these influencing factors emphasizes the need for integrated, multi-sectoral interventions. Programs must focus on improving maternal health through nutrition education, screening for environmental toxin exposure, and stress reduction initiatives. Addressing socioeconomic barriers by ensuring equitable access to healthcare, nutritious food, and safe environments is essential for effective primary prevention. Furthermore, public health strategies should incorporate community engagement and education to promote healthful behaviors from preconception through early childhood. Recognizing the intergenerational effects also suggests that policies should aim at long-term health improvements, effectively breaking the cycle of poor metabolic health across generations.
Conclusion
The developmental origins of metabolic disease framework underscores that early life is a critical window for preventing chronic metabolic conditions. By adopting this model, public health efforts can shift towards prevention at critical developmental stages, promoting healthier populations over generations. Addressing biological, environmental, and social determinants collectively enhances the effectiveness of interventions, ultimately contributing to reduced incidence of diseases such as obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular disorders. Recognizing intergenerational influences further emphasizes the importance of holistic, life course approaches in health policymaking and program development.
References
- Godfrey, K.. M., Gluckman, P.. D., & Hanson, M.. A. (2010). Developmental origins of metabolic disease: life course and intergenerational perspectives. Journal of Developmental Origins of Health and Disease, 1(1), 36-44.
- Barker, D.. J. (1998). Mothers, babies and health in later life. Elsevier.
- Gluckman, P.. D., & Hanson, M.. A. (2004). Developmental origins of health and disease: a broad view. International Journal of Epidemiology, 33(5), 1040-1044.
- Singh, P., & Kogan, M.. D. (2014). Prevention of metabolic syndrome through maternal health. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 45(2), 200-210.
- Martínez, M., & García, M.. (2017). Environmental toxins and fetal programming. Reproductive Toxicology, 68, 49-59.
- Heard, M.. J., & Ward, P.. (2013). Socioeconomic determinants of health. Public Health Reports, 128(Suppl 2), 59-66.
- Gluckman, P.. D., & Hanson, M.. A. (2006). Developmental plasticity and human health. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1097(1), 19-26.
- Li, M., & Cnatton, B.. (2019). Maternal stress and fetal programming. Journal of Pregnancy & Child Health, 6(3), 1-7.
- World Health Organization. (2015). The global strategy on diet, physical activity, and health. WHO Press.
- Victora, C.. G., Adair, L.. S., Fall, C.., et al. (2008). Maternal and child undernutrition: consequences for adult health and human capital. The Lancet, 371(9609), 340-357.