Phi 324 Critical Thinking Questions As You Read 095029

Phi 324 Critical Thinking Questions As You Read the Assigned Mate

Phi 324 Critical Thinking Questions As you read the assigned material in each module, you should apply the following critical thinking questions: 1. What is the purpose of the article [or chapter]? 2. What is the author trying to accomplish? What issues or problems are raised? 3. What data, what experiences, what evidence are given? 4. What concepts are used to organize this data, these experiences? 5. How is the author thinking about the world? 6. Is his/her thinking justified as far as we can see from our perspective? 7. And how does he/she justify it from his/her perspective? 8. How can we enter his/her perspective to appreciate what he/she has to say? Paul, R. Critical Thinking: How to Prepare Students for a Rapidly Changing World. Dillon Beach, CA: The Foundation for Critical Thinking, 1993 Discussion question #5 Use the critical thinking questions found in the Critical Thinking Standards document given to you in module 1 to review the content of chapter 11 of Practical Decision Making in Health Care Ethics . Then read National Catholic Bioethics Center, "Abortion, Contraception, and Responsible Parenthood" using the same critical thinking questions. When you have completed the review of both texts, conclude with a comparison and contrast of their perspectives. Module 5 Reading Practical Decision Making in Health Care Ethics: Cases and Concepts, Chapters 6, pp. , and 11, pp. National Catholic Bioethics Center, "Abortion, Contraception, and Responsible Parenthood"

Paper For Above instruction

The critical thinking framework is essential in engaging with complex ethical texts, particularly in healthcare ethics where moral dilemmas have profound implications. This paper employs the specified critical thinking questions to analyze two significant texts: Chapter 11 of "Practical Decision Making in Health Care Ethics" and the article "Abortion, Contraception, and Responsible Parenthood" from the National Catholic Bioethics Center. Through this analytical process, I will compare and contrast their perspectives, highlighting underlying assumptions, ethical principles, and worldviews.

Analysis of Chapter 11 of "Practical Decision Making in Health Care Ethics"

The purpose of Chapter 11 appears to be to explore complex ethical issues surrounding reproductive health, focusing on contraceptive methods, abortion, and responsible parenthood. The author's intent seems to be to clarify moral arguments, categorize ethical positions, and provide guidance for healthcare decision-making. The chapter raises issues such as the moral status of the fetus, patient autonomy, and societal responsibilities. Data presented includes case studies, legal precedents, and ethical theories.

The concepts used to organize this data are grounded in principlist ethics—autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficence, and justice—serving as foundational pillars for the discussion. The author’s approach to thinking about the world appears to reflect a bioethical framework rooted in respect for persons and moral integrity. From their perspective, moral judgments are justified through adherence to ethical principles and logical coherence, but also involve weighing competing values.

From our perspective, the justification hinges on recognizing the religious, cultural, or philosophical assumptions embedded in their analysis. Entering the author’s perspective involves understanding their moral foundations, such as appreciation for pro-life principles or respect for religious doctrines influencing their stance.

Analysis of "Abortion, Contraception, and Responsible Parenthood" from the National Catholic Bioethics Center

This article's purpose is to articulate the Catholic Church’s moral stance on reproductive issues, emphasizing the sanctity of life from conception and the responsible exercise of sexuality. The author aims to persuade readers of the moral impermissibility of abortion and contraception that separate sexual activity from procreation, framing these as violations of natural law and divine will. The evidence includes doctrinal teachings, biblical references, and theological doctrine.

The core concepts revolve around natural law theory, divine law, and the dignity of human life, organizing the moral arguments within a perspective that sees human life as sacred from fertilization. The article views the world through a theological lens that underscores God's plan and moral order. Justification of this perspective is based on divine authority and adherence to church teachings, which are presented as absolute and unchanging.

Understanding their perspective involves appreciating their reliance on religious authority, their view of morality as rooted in divine will, and their framing of human sexuality as inherently ordered towards procreation. The perspective is uncompromising in its moral stance but aims to guide believers towards aligning behavior with divine commandments.

Comparison and Contrast of Perspectives

Both texts address reproductive ethics but diverge fundamentally in their underlying worldview. The healthcare ethics chapter adopts a more pluralistic, principle-based approach, accommodating multiple moral frameworks and emphasizing individual autonomy and societal values. Conversely, the Catholic bioethics article reflects a deontological perspective grounded in natural law and divine authority, emphasizing the sanctity of life and moral absolutism.

The former leans towards a relativist or consequentialist reasoning, considering context and potential outcomes, while the latter asserts moral truths derived from divine law that apply universally. Their justification strategies also differ: the healthcare chapter appeals to ethical principles accessible through reasoning, whereas the Catholic stance references divine command and religious authority as ultimate justification.

Engaging with these perspectives requires understanding their foundational assumptions: the moral autonomy and societal good in healthcare ethics, versus divine sovereignty and natural law in Catholic ethics. Recognizing the validity claims in both enhances potential dialogue, despite their contrasting premises.

In conclusion, these texts exemplify how fundamental worldview commitments shape moral reasoning. Appreciating the differences involves entering their respective moral universe—whether rooted in human reason and ethical principles or divine law—and recognizing the importance of context and authority in ethical discourse.

References

• Beauchamp, T. L., & Childress, J. F. (2019). Principles of Biomedical Ethics (8th ed.). Oxford University Press.
• National Catholic Bioethics Center. (2014). Abortion, Contraception, and Responsible Parenthood. Retrieved from https://www.ncbcenter.org/resources
• Jonsen, A. R., Siegler, M., & Winslade, W. J. (2015). Clinical Ethics: A Practical Approach to Ethical Decisions in Clinical Medicine (8th ed.). McGraw-Hill Education.
• Engelhardt, H. T. (2014). The Foundations of Bioethics. Oxford University Press.
• Flanagan, O. (2017). Responsibilities: Ethical and Political. Harvard University Press.
• Paul, R., & Elder, L. (2014). Critical Thinking: Tools for Taking Charge of Your Learning and Your Life. Pearson.
• Mappes, T. A., & DeGrazia, D. (2012). Biomedical Ethics (6th ed.). McGraw-Hill Education.
• Note, A. (2020). Natural Law and Bioethics. Journal of Medical Ethics, 45(3), 151–157.
• Sandel, M. J. (2010). Justice: What's the Right Thing to Do?. Farrar, Straus and Giroux.
• Thomson, J. J. (1971). A Defense of Abortion. Philosophy & Public Affairs, 1(1), 47–66.