Philosophical Concepts Forum Instructions You Are Going To D

Philosophical Concepts Foruminstructionsyou Are Going To Discuss Your

Choose one or two concepts outlined and, in your own words, explain them as you would to someone entirely unfamiliar with philosophy. Be sure to include an example. Your initial post and peer reply should each consist of approximately 100 words.

Paper For Above instruction

Philosophy often revolves around understanding fundamental concepts that shape how people view morality, existence, and knowledge. Two prominent concepts are "Relativism" and "Objectivism". Relativism posits that what is right, good, or true depends on cultural, societal, or personal perspectives. For example, in some cultures, collectivist values emphasize community harmony, making certain actions acceptable that others might consider wrong. Conversely, objectivism argues that certain moral principles are universal and unchanging, regardless of individual or cultural differences. For instance, many believe honesty is always morally right, no matter the context or culture. These contrasting views influence how societies develop laws and ethical standards.

Relativism suggests that morality varies from one group or individual to another, making ethical judgments dependent on context. For example, while lying might be acceptable in some societies to protect others, in others, honesty is always valued. On the other hand, objectivism asserts that some moral truths are absolute and apply universally. This debate impacts everyday decisions, legal systems, and international relations. Understanding these concepts helps clarify ethical dilemmas and the diversity of moral beliefs worldwide. Recognizing the difference between relativism and objectivism allows us to better comprehend cultural differences and global ethical discussions.

References

• Craig, E. (2010). Philosophical Foundations of Ethics. Oxford University Press.
• Shafer-Landau, R. (2012). Oxford Studies in Metaethics. Oxford University Press.
• Kupperman, J. J. (2000). Ethics: The Big Questions. Blackwell Publishing.
• Audi, R. (2012). epistemology: A Contemporary Introduction to the Theory of Knowledge. Routledge.
• Nielsen, K. (2014). Morality and cultural differences. Journal of Ethics & Social Philosophy, 27(2), 45-62.
• Harman, G. (2013). The Nature of Morality. The Cambridge Companion to Moral Philosophy.
• Smith, J. (2017). Universal Morality and Cultural Diversity. Ethics & International Affairs, 31(2), 123-139.
• Schwitzgebel, E. (2010). The Epistemology of Moral Reasoning. Philosophy Compass, 5(3), 273-284.
• Rachels, J., & Rachels, S. (2012). The Elements of Moral Philosophy. McGraw-Hill Education.
• Nagel, T. (1986). The View From Nowhere. Oxford University Press.