Please Answer The Following Genetic Problems And Show How Yo
Please Answer The Following Genetic Problems And Show How Your Worked
Please answer the following genetic problems and show how you worked out your answers. Both typed and hand-written assignments are accepted. A man who is a carrier of sickle cell anemia, a recessive genetic disorder, marries a woman who is not a carrier. What proportion of their children is expected to have sickle-cell anemia? (use the letter s for sickle cell anemia allele and the letter S for the healthy allele) Hemophilia is an X-linked recessive disease that prevents blood clotting. If a woman who is a carrier for hemophilia marries a man who is not a carrier. What proportion of their sons are expected to have hemophilia? (use Xh to denote hemophilia allele) Color-blindness is an X-linked disease. A woman who has a colorblind mother and a father with normal color vision marries a man with normal vision. This couple has a son. What is the chance that this son is colorblind? (use Xa for colorblindness allele, and X for healthy). If a heterozygote blood type A marries a homozygote blood type B. What are the possibilities of blood types for their children? If a heterozygous purple flower pea plant is crossed with a homozygous white flower plant, what proportion of the offspring will be white flowered?
Paper For Above instruction
Introduction
Genetic inheritance patterns determine the likelihood of traits and genetic disorders being passed from parents to offspring. This paper explores several genetic scenarios, including autosomal recessive inheritance, X-linked recessive inheritance, blood type genetics, and flower color inheritance, illustrating how Punnett squares and genetic principles predict these probabilities.
Carrier Status and Autosomal Recessive Disorders
In the case of sickle cell anemia, a recessive autosomal disorder, an individual must inherit two copies of the sickle cell allele (s) to express the disease. The man is a carrier, which means his genotype is Ss, while the woman is unaffected and not a carrier, having the genotype SS. The Punnett square for this cross is as follows:
| | S | S |
|---|---|---|
| S | SS | SS |
| s | Ss | Ss |
The resulting offspring genotypes are 50% SS (healthy, non-carrier) and 50% Ss (carrier), with no children expected to have sickle cell anemia (ss). Therefore, the proportion of children with sickle-cell anemia is 0%.
X-Linked Recessive Disorders: Hemophilia
Hemophilia is inherited as an X-linked recessive trait. The mother is a carrier (XhX), and the father is unaffected (XY). The potential gametes for the mother are X and Xh, and for the father, X and Y. The Punnett square yields:
| | X | Xh |
|-------|---|---|
| X | XX | X Xh |
| Y | XY | XhY |
The sons (XY) inherit either Y from their father and X or Xh from their mother. The sons have a 50% chance of inheriting the Xh allele and thus having hemophilia. Therefore, 50% of the sons are expected to have hemophilia.
Color-Blindness Inheritance Pattern
Color-blindness is an X-linked trait. The woman has a colorblind mother (XbXb) and a father with normal vision (XBY). Her genotype is XbX, as she's a carrier. The man has genotype XY. The potential gametes are:
- Mother: Xb, X
- Father: X, Y
The couple's children possibilities include:
| | Xb | X |
|-------|-----|---|
| X | XbX | XX |
| Y | XbY | XY |
The son inherits X from the mother and Y from the father, with a 50% chance of inheriting Xb, making him colorblind. Hence, 50% chance that their son is colorblind.
Blood Type Inheritance
A heterozygous blood type A individual (AO genotype) marries a homozygous blood type B individual (BO genotype). The potential gametes are:
- Type A (A): A or O
- Type B (B): B or O
Punnett square:
| | A | O |
|---|---|---|
| B | AB | BO |
| O | AO | OO |
The offspring genotypes and corresponding blood types are:
- AB (A and B alleles): Blood type AB
- AO (A and O alleles): Blood type A
- BO (B and O alleles): Blood type B
- OO (O and O alleles): Blood type O
Thus, the possible blood types among children are A, B, AB, and O, each with equal probability of 25%.
Flower Color Inheritance in Peas
Crossing a heterozygous purple flowered pea plant (Pp) with a homozygous white flowered plant (pp) produces:
| | P | p |
|-------|---|---|
| p | Pp | pp |
| p | Pp | pp |
The offspring genotypes are 50% Pp (purple) and 50% pp (white). Therefore, the proportion of white-flowered offspring is 50%.
Conclusion
The principles of Mendelian genetics and Punnett square analysis provide a framework for predicting inheritance probabilities for various traits and disorders. These predictions have profound implications in genetics, medicine, and breeding programs.
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