Please Answer The Following Questions And Follow The Instruc

Please Answer The Following Questions Follow the Instructions Below

Please answer the following questions. Follow the instructions below and observe the required word count. APA formatting must be followed. Include all citations and references as required.

Paper For Above instruction

1. What is an Information Technology Project? (Max 50 words)

An Information Technology (IT) project involves planning, development, and implementation of technology solutions to meet organizational goals. It encompasses tasks like software development, hardware installation, and system integration aimed at improving business processes and information management (Project Management Institute, 2017).

2. What is research? (Max 50 words)

Research is a systematic investigation aimed at acquiring knowledge, understanding phenomena, or solving specific problems through methodical collection, analysis, and interpretation of data. It seeks to generate valid, reliable findings to support decision-making and theoretical development (Creswell, 2014).

3. Why do we need to perform research? (Max 50 Words)

Research is essential for advancing knowledge, informing policies, and improving practices. It helps in identifying problems, evaluating solutions, and supporting innovation. Conducting research ensures evidence-based decisions and contributes to academic, scientific, and societal progress (Leedy & Ormrod, 2015).

3.1. Explain what is meant by Qualitative research. (Max 50 Words)

Qualitative research explores phenomena through non-numerical data such as interviews, observations, and textual analysis. It aims to understand perceptions, experiences, and social contexts, emphasizing depth over breadth to generate rich, detailed insights (Denzin & Lincoln, 2018).

3.2. Explain what is meant by Quantitative research. (Max 50 Words)

Quantitative research involves the collection and analysis of numerical data to identify patterns, relationships, and causality. It employs statistical methods and structured tools like surveys and experiments to produce objective, generalizable findings (Bryman, 2016).

3.3. What is a survey? (Max 50 Words)

A survey is a research method that collects data from a pre-defined population using questionnaires or interviews. It aims to measure opinions, behaviors, or attributes systematically, facilitating data analysis and generalizations about larger groups (Krosnick & Presser, 2014).

3.4. List the major parts of a research paper. (Max 50 Words)

Major parts include the Title, Abstract, Introduction, Literature Review, Methodology, Results, Discussion, Conclusion, References, and Appendices. These sections organize the study’s purpose, procedures, findings, and implications coherently for readers (American Psychological Association, 2020).

3.5. What is a Peer Review-Journal? (Max 50 Words)

A peer-reviewed journal publishes scholarly articles assessed by experts in the field. This process ensures research quality, validity, and academic integrity before publication, maintaining high standards and credibility within the scientific community (Bankhead et al., 2017).

3.6. List ten (10) Ranked MIS Journals. (Max 50 Words)

1. MIS Quarterly

2. Journal of Management Information Systems

3. Information Systems Research

4. Communications of the ACM

5. Journal of the Association for Information Systems

6. European Journal of Information Systems

7. Information & Management

8. IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering

9. Journal of Strategic Information Systems

10. Decision Support Systems

4. As students / scientists, what topic(s) do we need to research? (Max 50 Words)

Researchers should focus on emerging areas like artificial intelligence, cybersecurity, digital transformation, data analytics, cloud computing, and sustainable IT practices. Addressing gaps in current knowledge and solving practical organizational problems are vital for technological and societal advancement (Kautz et al., 2016).

4.1. Why do we need to use keywords during our Lit Review? (Max 50 Words)

Keywords facilitate efficient literature searches by targeting relevant topics, increasing search accuracy, and ensuring comprehensive coverage. They help researchers locate pertinent studies quickly, organize information systematically, and avoid missing critical sources (Booth et al., 2016).

5. What is a research methodology? (Max 100 Words)

Research methodology encompasses the overall approach, techniques, and procedures used to conduct a study. It involves selecting research strategies, data collection methods, and analysis techniques to ensure validity, reliability, and rigor. A well-defined methodology guides the researcher in systematically addressing research questions or hypotheses (Creswell, 2014).

6. What is a research design? (Max 100 Words)

Research design refers to the framework that structures the study's execution. It determines how data will be collected, analyzed, and interpreted to answer research questions. Types include experimental, correlational, descriptive, and explorative designs, each suited to different research purposes, ensuring the validity and reliability of results (Yin, 2018).

7. What is meant by a project deliverable? (Max 50 Words)

A project deliverable is a tangible or intangible output produced as a result of a project’s activities. It can be a report, product, document, or service, representing completed work that fulfills specified requirements and is handed over to stakeholders (PMI, 2017).

8. Is a deadline an important aspect of a project? (Max 50 Words)

Yes, deadlines are crucial as they ensure timely completion of project tasks, facilitate resource planning, and help manage stakeholder expectations. They maintain project pace, accountability, and overall success, preventing delays that could impact quality and objectives (Kerzner, 2017).

9. What are project limitations? Include a definition and examples. (Max 50 Words)

Project limitations are constraints that restrict project scope, resources, or outcomes, such as budget caps, time restrictions, or technological shortages. For example, a limited budget may restrict the features of a software development project (Leach, 2014).

10. What do we mean when we say resources? (Max 100 Words)

Resources refer to the tangible and intangible assets required to execute a project. They include human capital (team members), financial funds, equipment, technology, time, and information. Proper management of resources ensures project efficiency and success by aligning inputs with project objectives (Meredith & Mantel, 2017).

11. Why do we need to apply APA basic citation styles in a research proposal? (Max 100 Words)

Applying APA style ensures proper acknowledgment of sources, maintains academic integrity, and provides a standardized format for citations and references. It facilitates reader understanding, reduces plagiarism risk, and enhances the professionalism and credibility of the research proposal, aligning with scholarly communication standards (American Psychological Association, 2020).

12. From our Syllabus and any information under the Start Here section, please explain what we mean by Academic Integrity? (Max 250 Words)

Academic integrity entails honest and ethical conduct in scholarly work, emphasizing the importance of original authorship, accurate citation, and avoidance of deception. It underpins the credibility of academic institutions and research by ensuring that ideas and contributions are properly attributed. Upholding integrity involves avoiding plagiarism, fabricating data, or falsifying results, thus maintaining trust and fairness among students and researchers. Respecting intellectual property rights fosters a culture of honesty, accountability, and professionalism. Violations compromise academic standards, diminish personal reputation, and can lead to severe consequences such as disqualification or legal action. Promoting academic integrity requires awareness of ethical practices, understanding institutional policies, and cultivating an environment where honesty is valued and reinforced through policies, training, and active supervision (American Psychological Association, 2020; University of Oxford, 2022).

13. What is Plagiarism? (Max 100 Words); Reference Academic Integrity from the Syllabus and any information under the Start Here section.

Plagiarism is the unethical act of using someone else's work, ideas, or words without proper attribution, presenting them as one's own. It includes copying text, images, or concepts from sources without citation, undermining academic honesty and integrity. Plagiarism can be intentional or accidental and is considered a serious violation in academia, leading to disciplinary actions. Proper citation and acknowledgment are essential to avoid plagiarism, demonstrate respect for original authors, and uphold the credibility of scholarly work (American Psychological Association, 2020).

14. What is Self-Plagiarism? (Max 50 Words); Reference Academic Integrity from the Syllabus and any information under the Start Here section.

Self-plagiarism occurs when authors reuse their own previously published work or parts of it without proper citation or acknowledgment, falsely presenting it as new. This practice violates ethical standards, can distort academic records, and may lead to sanctions or loss of credibility (Park, 2003).

15. What is a bar chart? (Max 15 words)

A visual representation displaying categorical data with rectangular bars proportional to values.

16. What is an overarching question? (Max 15 words)

A broad, fundamental question guiding the scope and purpose of a research study.

17. What do we mean when we say: “Cleaning the Data”?

Data cleaning involves detecting and correcting errors, handling missing values, and ensuring accuracy before analysis.

18. What is a sample size formula? (Max 25 words)

A mathematical calculation used to determine the minimum number of observations required for valid statistical analysis.

19. Define the term Statistics. (Max 20 words)

The science of collecting, analyzing, interpreting, and presenting numerical data.

References

• American Psychological Association. (2020). Publication manual of the American Psychological Association (7th ed.).
• Bankhead, P., et al. (2017). Peer review process in scholarly publishing. Journal of Scholarly Publishing, 48(3), 188-202.
• Booth, A., et al. (2016). Conducting research literature reviews: From the Internet to paper. Sage Publications.
• Bryman, A. (2016). Social research methods (5th ed.). Oxford University Press.
• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2020). Data cleaning and management. CDC Reports.
• Creswell, J. W. (2014). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches. Sage Publications.
• Leach, L. P. (2014). Critical Chain Project Management. Artech House.
• Leedy, P. D., & Ormrod, J. E. (2015). Practical research: Planning and design. Pearson.
• Kautz, K., et al. (2016). Emerging IT research topics: An overview. Information Systems Journal, 26(1), 32-56.
• Kerzner, H. (2017). Project management: A systems approach to planning, scheduling, and controlling. Wiley.
• Meredith, J. R., & Mantel, S. J. (2017). Project management: A managerial approach. Wiley.
• Yin, R. K. (2018). Case study research and applications: Design and methods. Sage Publications.