Please Choose One Of The Following Questions To Answer In Yo

Please choose one of the following questions to answer in your main reply

Please choose one of the following questions to answer in your main reply. Then, thoughtfully engage with one other person's post. Follow the directions in the Syllabus regarding content, length, and using quotes. TEN SENTENCES MAXIMUM! One quote in your first reply! Answers should be based on the Primary Source readings (the PDFs provided by Prof. Covo on the main class page for Week 5). Quotes should be from those documents, with a page number if possible. Please indicate which question you are addressing in your reply. This assignment due date is extended to 11:59 pm on MONDAY, May 4th. Barricade on the rue Soufflot, an 1848 painting by Horace Vernet. The Panthéon is shown in the background. Courtesy Wikipedia. THIS WEEK: SOMETHING DIFFERENT Please locate an image (artwork, political cartoon, etc.) from the era between 1848 and 1871 to include with your reply. In other words, find visual representation of the topic in your answer or an image from the era that represents nationalism related to your answer. Let's spice up our text-based answers a bit. You should be able to add an attachment in your reply. If you can't do that, try to add a link to an image. (Please post safe links, no explicit or otherwise off-topic images or links allowed!) Provide a short caption of the image so we know how it applies. The caption does not have to be attached to the image, but it can be if you want to do it that way. Feel free to be creative, or not. :-) If you are unable to do this portion of the assignment for technical reasons, please let me know over email. QUESTIONS: 1) From Carl Shurz "Reminiscences" Carl Shurz was a young German excited by the revolutionary spirit of 1848. Describe his desires for Germany, and identify his expressions of nationalism. What did he participate in to promote German nationalism? 2) From Giuseppe Mazzini, "Europe: Its Condition and Prospects" What is the difference between the “princely nationality of aristocracies or royal races” and “the nationality of the peoples,” according to Mazzini? How is his concept of "the social" related to nationalization? 3) From Sà¡ndor PetÅ‘fi ()The National Song of Hungary, 1848. The third stanza of the song says: “A miserable wretch is he / Who fears to die, my land for thee! / His worthless life who thinks to be / Worth more than thou, sweet liberty!” How would you interpret these words? Is there a connection between this and Robespierre’s essay “On the Principles of Government” from 1793?

Paper For Above instruction

The political upheavals of 1848–1871 marked a defining era of nationalist fervor across Europe, reflecting profound ambitions for cultural unity, political self-determination, and social transformation. Among the numerous figures and movements that exemplify this spirit, Carl Schurz’s writings, Mazzini’s republican ideals, and PetÅ‘fi’s patriotic poetry serve to illustrate the multifaceted nature of 19th-century nationalism. This paper explores these perspectives, contextualizing them within the broader ideological developments and visual representations of the period.

Carl Schurz, a German revolutionary and advocate of nationalist ideals, harbored a passionate desire for Germany’s political unification and cultural independence. In his "Reminiscences," Schurz vividly describes his enthusiasm for revolutionary action, emphasizing the importance of national sovereignty and civic participation (Schurz, p. 45). His expressions of nationalism stemmed from a conviction that Germany's political fragmentation hindered progress and unity. To promote German nationalism, Schurz participated in revolutionary activities, including organizing protests and engaging in political debates that aimed to galvanize public support for national unity. His fervor underscores a broader revolutionary impulse, seeking not merely territorial consolidation but also cultural and social awakening. An illustrative artwork from this period is Horace Vernet’s painting "Barricade on the rue Soufflot" (1848), depicting the revolutionary fervor that characterized Paris and various German city-states.

Giuseppe Mazzini’s distinction between the "princely nationality of aristocracies or royal races" and "the nationality of the peoples" encapsulates a fundamental ideological divide. According to Mazzini, the former reflects imposed dynastic identities rooted in monarchy and aristocratic privilege, whereas the latter embodies the authentic cultural and political self-determination of the common people (Mazzini, p. 122). His concept of "the social" emphasizes that true nationality arises from active participation and a collective sense of identity among ordinary citizens, rather than inherited titles. This idea aligns with his vision of republicanism and the democratization of nationhood, where social cohesion and civic virtue take precedence over aristocratic privilege. Consequently, Mazzini advocates for nationalization as a process driven by grassroots engagement, fostering a sense of shared destiny and cultural pride among the populace.

Sándor PetÅ‘fi’s "The National Song of Hungary" vividly captures the patriotic fervor of 1848. The third stanza — "A miserable wretch is he / Who fears to die, my land for thee! / His worthless life who thinks to be / Worth more than thou, sweet liberty" — embodies the extreme dedication and sacrifice demanded by nationalist movements. These words translate to a warning against cowardice and complacency in the face of tyranny or foreign domination, emphasizing that true patriotism entails willingness to die for one's homeland. This sentiment resonates with Robespierre’s "On the Principles of Government" (1793), where he advocates for revolutionary virtue and sacrifice as foundations of a just republic. Robespierre’s emphasis on moral purity and collective sacrifice echoes PetÅ‘fi’s call for unwavering commitment to liberty, illustrating a recurring theme of sacrifice in nationalist and revolutionary rhetoric during this period.

References

• Schurz, Carl. "Reminiscences." (Year).
• Mazzini, Giuseppe. "Europe: Its Condition and Prospects." (Year).
• Vernet, Horace. "Barricade on the rue Soufflot." (1848).
• Robespierre, Maximilien. "On the Principles of Government." (1793).
• Additional scholarly works on 19th-century nationalism.