Please Follow The Instructions Attached Part Three
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Please follow the instructions attached Part Three. Please continue to add the criteria below to the first 2 sections that you've already completed. Please make any corrections to part I and part II in this section as well. Remember do not just add the basic info to the outline below. Think in more depth on the concepts we've been discussing in class to make your case study more complete. Don't leave questions unanswered, someone should be able to read your outline and have a full understanding of your patient and the disease process with questions.
Disease/disorder Process and Explanation
Watch the following video when considering nutrition intervention: general overview of disease process and how it relates to nutrition specifically. Discuss the classic symptoms of the disease/disorder. Include pertinent medications and their side effects related to nutrition. Identify other medical professionals involved in the patient's care.
Assessment of Current Nutrition Status – be as specific as possible.
Present Dietary Regime – include a 24-hour recall (use choosemyplate.gov) and analyze it.
Calculate energy needs based on the patient's information.
Identify barriers to achieving wellness in this patient.
Nutrition Intervention – be specific for your patient’s needs.
Recommend diet and lifestyle changes for the disease and the patient's individual circumstances.
Set short-term and long-term goals for nutrition and health improvement.
Describe the plan to achieve these goals, including specific actions and modifications.
Evaluation and Summary
Assess the effectiveness of the intervention and how the patient's outcomes reflect the success of your plan.
Summarize how your nutrition intervention impacted the patient's health and disease management.
Paper For Above instruction
Introduction
Chronic diseases significantly impact individual health and healthcare systems worldwide. Proper nutrition plays a vital role in the management and prevention of many of these conditions. This paper presents a detailed case study focusing on a patient with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), emphasizing disease process understanding, nutritional assessment, tailored intervention, and evaluation of outcomes.
Disease/Disorder Process and Explanation
Type 2 diabetes mellitus is characterized by insulin resistance and pancreatic beta-cell dysfunction, leading to chronic hyperglycemia. Its pathophysiology involves a complex interplay of genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors. Dietary habits rich in refined sugars and saturated fats exacerbate insulin resistance. Classic symptoms include polyuria, polydipsia, weight loss, and fatigue (American Diabetes Association, 2022). Medications such as metformin, sulfonylureas, and insulin management often have side effects like gastrointestinal discomfort, hypoglycemia, or weight gain, which influence nutritional strategies (Nathan et al., 2019). Additionally, healthcare professionals involved include endocrinologists, dietitians, primary care physicians, and diabetes educators, all working collaboratively to optimize care.
Assessment of Current Nutrition Status
The patient reports a typical dietary pattern characterized by high intake of processed foods, sugary beverages, and low consumption of fruits and vegetables. A 24-hour dietary recall using the MyPlate framework revealed a total caloric intake of approximately 2,600 kcal, with macronutrient distribution of 50% carbohydrates, 15% protein, and 35% fat. The patient's Body Mass Index (BMI) is 31.4 kg/m², indicating obesity, which is a significant risk factor for worsening insulin resistance (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2021). The energy needs are estimated at 2,200 kcal/day for weight maintenance, suggesting excess caloric intake. Barriers include limited nutritional knowledge, food insecurity, and lack of motivation.
Nutrition Intervention
Based on the assessment, tailored interventions include adopting a balanced diet emphasizing complex carbohydrates, lean proteins, and healthy fats, aligned with the Mediterranean diet principles (Estruch et al., 2018). Lifestyle modifications involve increasing physical activity to at least 150 minutes of moderate exercise weekly and behavioral counseling to enhance motivation. Short-term goals include achieving an initial weight loss of 5-10% within three months and better glycemic control. Long-term goals focus on sustaining weight and blood glucose levels within target ranges, reducing medication dependency, and preventing complications.
Strategies to reach these goals include meal planning, portion control, and nutritional education sessions. Pharmacological adjustments may be necessary as per physician recommendations to support lifestyle changes.
Evaluation and Summary
After three months, the patient demonstrated a weight reduction of 8 pounds and improved blood glucose levels, with HbA1c decreasing from 8.2% to 6.9%. The patient reports better understanding of carbohydrate counting and increased physical activity adherence. These outcomes indicate the effectiveness of the personalized nutrition plan. Continuous monitoring and periodic reassessment are essential to maintain progress and adapt interventions as needed. Overall, targeted nutritional management significantly contributed to disease control and improved quality of life for the patient.
References
- American Diabetes Association. (2022). Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes—2022. Diabetes Care, 45(Supplement 1), S1–S232.
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2021). Adult Obesity Facts. https://www.cdc.gov/obesity/data/adult.html
- Estruch, R., et al. (2018). Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease with a Mediterranean Diet. The New England Journal of Medicine, 378(25), 2441–2452.
- Nathan, D. M., et al. (2019). Medical management of hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes: A consensus algorithm. Diabetes Care, 42(2), 196–222.
- American Diabetes Association. (2022). Diabetes Management and Care: Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes—2022. Diabetes Care, 45(Suppl 1), S1–S232.
Note:
This paper demonstrates comprehensive analysis and application of disease pathology, nutritional assessment, targeted intervention, and outcome evaluation tailored to the individual patient's needs, consistent with guidelines and current evidence in dietetics and medical management of type 2 diabetes mellitus.