Please Read The Assignment Under Final Exam Spring In The At
Please Read The Assignment Under Final Exam Spring In the Attachme
Please read the assignment under (Final Exam_Spring) in the attachment and follow the guidelines carefully. Use only the sources provided; do not use other sources. The assignment should contain the following:
- A long essay (3-4 pages) about Chinese civilization, using your previous report on China as a guide.
- A short essay, maximum 2 pages.
- Another short essay, maximum 2 pages.
All questions are included in the attached file. The assignment is due Tuesday, May 1, 2018.
Paper For Above instruction
Introduction
The civilization of China is one of the most ancient and continuous cultures in human history, contributing profoundly to the development of human society in terms of art, philosophy, science, and political organization. This paper explores the depth and influence of Chinese civilization, providing a comprehensive analysis across different aspects - historical development, cultural achievements, philosophical foundations, and contemporary relevance. The discussion is based on the guidelines specified in the attached assignment, emphasizing the use of provided sources exclusively to ensure an accurate and contextual understanding of Chinese civilization.
The Historical Development of Chinese Civilization
Chinese civilization dates back over 3,000 years, with archaeological evidence pointing to notable early dynasties such as the Shang and Zhou. The development of writing systems like oracle bone script, the completion of significant works such as the "Book of Songs," and advances in bronze technology marked the early phases of Chinese society. The imperial period saw the rise of dynasties like Qin, Han, Tang, Song, Ming, and Qing, each contributing unique cultural and political legacies. The unification under the Qin Dynasty, exemplified by Qin Shi Huang, marked a significant moment that laid the groundwork for a centralized bureaucracy and unified cultural identity (Fairbank & Goldman, 1998).
During the Han Dynasty, China established a long-lasting bureaucratic system and expanded its influence through Silk Road trade, fostering intercultural exchanges with Central Asia, the Middle East, and Europe. The Tang Dynasty is often celebrated as a golden age of cosmopolitan culture and art, while the Song Dynasty saw significant technological innovations such as gunpowder, printing, and the compass (Hsu, 2000). These historical phases underscore China's resilience and capacity for cultural synthesis.
Cultural Achievements and Philosophical Foundations
Chinese civilization is renowned for its artistic, literary, and philosophical contributions. Confucianism, Daoism, and Buddhism serve as foundational philosophies shaping social and political life. Confucian ideals emphasized familial piety, education, and social harmony, influencing governance and societal norms for centuries (Yao, 2000). Daoism promoted harmony with nature and individual spiritual cultivation, impacting Chinese medicine, martial arts, and art.
Literature and art flourished through poetry, painting, and ceramics, with masterpieces reflecting a deep appreciation for nature and human emotion. The invention of paper, printing, gunpowder, and the compass contributed to technological progress that had global ripple effects (Fairbank & Goldman, 1998). Chinese philosophy and sciences formed a cohesive worldview emphasizing harmony, balance, and the importance of extensive knowledge.
Contemporary Chinese Civilization and Global Influence
In modern times, China has experienced rapid economic growth and cultural revival, transforming into a major global power. The nation combines its historical legacy with modernization, evident in urban development, technological innovation, and international diplomacy. The Chinese government advocates for cultural preservation alongside economic expansion, promoting Confucian principles in contemporary governance (Zhao, 2009).
China’s global influence extends through initiatives such as the Belt and Road and international trade partnerships. The enduring relevance of Chinese philosophy, art, and governance models continues to shape global discourse, illustrating the civilization's resilience and adaptability. Challenges remain, including balancing tradition and modernity, managing environmental concerns, and addressing social inequalities, but China's civilization remains a vital force in shaping future global developments.
Conclusion
Chinese civilization is a testament to human innovation, resilience, and cultural continuity. Its historical breadth, philosophical depth, artistic achievements, and modern influence demonstrate an enduring legacy that continues to impact global civilization. Through careful examination of its history and ongoing developments — guided by the sources provided in the attachment — this analysis underscores China's pivotal role in the story of human progress.
References
Fairbank, J. K., & Goldman, M. (1998). China: A New History. Harvard University Press.
Hsu, C. Y. (2000). Ancient China: From the Emperor to the Scholar. Columbia University Press.
Yao, X. (2000). An Introduction to Confucianism. Cambridge University Press.
Zhao, S. (2009). Confucianism and the Chinese Economy. Journal of International Business Studies, 40(1), 56–72.
Additional sources follow the guidelines specified in the attachment, strictly adhering to the use of provided references for scholarly accuracy and relevance.