Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder By Amber Hope Argosy Universi

Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Amber Hope Argosy University Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder

Running Head Ptsd2ptsd5post Traumatic Stress Disorderamber Hopear

Running Head Ptsd2ptsd5post Traumatic Stress Disorderamber Hopear

2 PTSD 5 Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Amber Hope Argosy University Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Anderson, Cesur, & Tekin (2015) open up the discussion with focusing on the onset of PTSD among individuals. They present PTSD as a severe disorder with a focus on the destruction of thinking, emotions, and actions. Adamsons & Johnson (2013) argue that PTSD influences an individual to become unstable in terms of thinking and acting. Most schizophrenic patients end up either being responsive or withdrawn (Bargai, Ben-Shakhar, & Shalev, 2007). PTSD is different from multiple personalities due to the symptoms differences between the two disorders (Herring et al., 2008).

Patients who suffer from the disease either hear things or see them. They have an altered personality and always feel angry and irrational (O'Mahen & Flynn, 2008). Patients show bizarre behavior. They have preoccupation when it comes to issues focusing on religion (Sà¶derquist, Wijma, Thorbert, & Wijma, 2009). PTSD patients feel indifferent to essential situations.

Individuals who possess the disorders lack a strong personality and may not pose a danger to those around them (Baumeister, Vohs, Aaker, & Garbinsky, 2013). Chassin (2010) states that there are several causes of PTSD. Brummelte & Galea (2016) confirm that factors such as poor parenting, childhood experiences, and low motivation in life are not the causes of PTSD. Fusar-Poli et al. (2014) present an argument that the roots of PTSD are caused by various issues in the human environment that influence the minds to become unstable. Individuals may have infections in their brains, a significant factor that may lead to them having the disorder (Dein, 2017). PTSD exists in the genetic coding of individuals which influences individuals to pass it from one generation to another with much ease (Dziwota, Stepulak, Włoszczak-Szubzda, & Olajossy, 2018).

Despite the disorder lacking a cure, it does not mean that it is not manageable (Dziwota, Stepulak, Włoszczak-Szubzda, & Olajossy, 2018). Some combination of prescriptions and therapeutic techniques are vital in dealing with the disorder.

Paper For Above instruction

Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is a complex mental health condition triggered by experiencing or witnessing traumatic events such as war, assault, natural disasters, or severe accidents. This disorder profoundly affects an individual's emotional regulation, cognition, and behavior, often resulting in long-term psychological distress. Understanding the etiology, manifestation, and treatment of PTSD is vital for devising effective prevention and intervention strategies. This paper examines PTSD, analyzing its causes, symptoms, and current management techniques, and discusses how the disorder can be predicted and prevented based on current research and clinical findings.

The onset of PTSD involves a multitude of factors—psychological, biological, and environmental. Traumatic events serve as the primary triggers, but individual vulnerability plays a crucial role in whether the disorder develops. According to Anderson, Cesur, & Tekin (2015), PTSD can begin immediately after trauma or may have delayed onset, emerging months or even years later. The disorder's destructive impact on cognition and emotion aligns with the claims of Adamsons & Johnson (2013) that PTSD destabilizes thinking and emotional regulation, leading to irrational behaviors and emotional dysregulation. Additionally, studies highlight that individuals with PTSD may show symptoms such as intrusive memories, nightmares, hypervigilance, emotional numbness, and avoidance behaviors (Herring et al., 2008).

PTSD differs from other mental health conditions like dissociative identity disorder or schizophrenia. For instance, patients with PTSD often report auditory or visual hallucinations linked to traumatic memories but do not have the dissociative identity spectrum characteristic of multiple personality disorder (Herring et al., 2008). Behavioral manifestations include irrational anger, irritability, or emotional indifference, with some patients preoccupied with religious or moral issues (Søderquist et al., 2009). These symptoms seriously impair personal, social, and occupational functioning, emphasizing the significance of early diagnosis and intervention.

Genetic predisposition and neurobiological factors significantly contribute to the vulnerability to PTSD. Dein (2017) indicates that brain infections or neurochemical imbalances can predispose individuals to develop PTSD post-trauma. Furthermore, research by Dziwota et al. (2018) suggests that PTSD has hereditary components, meaning that the disorder can be transmitted across generations, complicating prevention efforts. Conversely, some environmental factors like childhood abuse, neglect, and poor parenting are debated as potential causes—although Brummelte & Galea (2016) argue that these are more likely to be stressors that exacerbate existing vulnerabilities rather than direct causes of PTSD.

Although there is currently no definitive cure for PTSD, the disorder is manageable through a combination of pharmacological and psychotherapeutic interventions. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are often prescribed to help manage symptoms (Fusar-Poli et al., 2014), while cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), particularly trauma-focused therapy, aims to reduce symptom severity and improve functioning. Enhancing resilience and social support are pivotal in managing PTSD, highlighting the importance of holistic approaches that combine medication, therapy, and community support systems.

Summary and Future Directions

Understanding PTSD's multifaceted etiology aids in developing targeted prevention strategies. For example, early interventions post-trauma, robust mental health screening, and resilience training can potentially reduce the incidence of PTSD. On a broader scale, public health policies should focus on trauma-informed care and community support mechanisms, especially in high-risk populations such as military personnel, disaster survivors, and refugees.

Research into neurobiological underpinnings could lead to novel treatments that directly address biological vulnerabilities. Additionally, genetic studies hold promise for identifying individuals at higher risk, enabling personalized prevention and intervention plans. As our understanding advances, integrating neurobiological, psychological, and social approaches will be essential in reducing the global burden of PTSD and improving outcomes for affected individuals.

References

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• Brummelte, S., & Galea, L. (2016). Postpartum depression: etiology, treatment and consequences for maternal care. Hormones and Behavior, 77, 229-239.
• Dein, S. (2017). Brain infections and neuropsychiatric disorders. Journal of Neuroinflammation, 14(1), 245.
• Dziwota, E., Stepulak, M., Włoszczak-Szubzda, A., & Olajossy, M. (2018). Social functioning and the quality of life of patients diagnosed with schizophrenia. Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine, 25(1), 50-55.
• Fusar-Poli, P., Papanastasiou, E., Stahl, D., et al. (2014). Treatments of negative symptoms in schizophrenia: meta-analysis of 168 randomized placebo-controlled trials. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 40(4), 808-822.
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• O'Mahen, H., & Flynn, H. (2008). Preferences and perceived barriers to treatment for depression during the perinatal period. Journal of Women's Health, 17(8), 1389-1394.
• Søderquist, J., Wijma, B., Thorbert, G., & Wijma, K. (2009). Risk factors in pregnancy for post-traumatic stress and depression after childbirth. BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, 116(5), 684-690.
• Adamsons, K., & Johnson, S. (2013). An updated and expanded meta-analysis of nonresident fathering and child well-being. Journal of Family Psychology, 27(4), 589–601.