Problems Work Through The Problems In Excel - Enter Your Ans

Problemswork Through The Problems In Excel Enter Your Answers In The

Problems work through the problems in Excel. Enter your answers in the following. Attach your Word file and Excel spreadsheet where indicated. You must submit your Excel spreadsheet or other work in order to receive credit for the assignment. Failure to submit the Excel spreadsheet or other work will result in a grade of 0. Therefore, complete all of the problems in Excel, and then enter your answers and upload your Excel file. Allow Excel to work the problems and include formulas in the Excel spreadsheet.

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Problemswork Through The Problems In Excel Enter Your Answers In The

Problemswork Through The Problems In Excel Enter Your Answers In The

Understanding and solving work measurement problems using Excel is essential for industrial engineers and operations analysts. The problems outlined involve calculating various time standards, including observed time, normal time, and standard time, based on data collected from time studies. Mastery of these calculations enables professionals to optimize processes, set realistic expectations, and improve productivity.

Problem 1: Calculating Observed, Normal, and Standard Times

In this problem, a job was timed for 60 cycles with an average time of 1.2 minutes per piece, a performance rating of 95%, and workday allowances of 10%.:

  • Observed Time: This is the average time recorded per cycle, adjusted by performance rating and allowances. It can be calculated as:
Observed Time = (Average Time per Cycle) / (Performance Rating)
  • The actual question asks to find this value directly, given the data. The calculation in Excel involves dividing 1.2 minutes by 0.95 (since 95% performance), then adjusting for allowances by multiplying by (1 + allowances).

    • Problem 2: Time Study for Multiple Elements

    The second problem involves multiple elements with observed times and performance ratings over six cycles. Tasks include calculating the average cycle time for each element, then determining the normal time for each, and subsequently the standard time based on allowances.

    • Calculate the average cycle time for each element by summing observed times and dividing by six.
    • Normal time per element is obtained by multiplying the average observed time by the performance rating.
    • Standard time is then computed by multiplying the normal time by (1 + allowance factor, e.g., 15%).

    Problem 3: Observed Time Calculation

    This problem involves observed times for four elements, with the second element occurring every other cycle. The observed time for each element is calculated by averaging the recorded times, adjusting for the frequency of occurrence where necessary.

    • Compute average observed times for each element, considering their frequency of appearance.

    Problem 4: Standard Time with Machine and Worker Data

    A worker-machine operation involves specific machine and worker times, with a 10-minute rest. Given performance ratings, these times, and allowances, the goal is to compute the standard time.

    • Calculate the worker’s adjusted time using performance rating (e.g., 120%), adjusting the average worker time.
    • Account for breaks and allowances by increasing the time accordingly.
    • The formula for standard time incorporates these factors, typically: 
    Standard Time = (Adjusted Worker Time + Machine Time + Break Time) * (1 + Allowance)

    Problem 5: Standard Time and Sample Size Calculations

    Given data from a three-step job, calculate the standard time with allowances, then determine the number of observations needed to estimate the mean within a specific margin of error at a specified confidence level.

    • The standard time is computed similarly as in previous problems: sum of mean times, adjusted for allowances.
    • The sample size calculation uses formulas involving variance (or standard deviation), desired margin of error, and confidence level, often referencing the z-score corresponding to the confidence level.

    Problem 6: Sample Size for Estimating Mean within a Margin of Error

    This problem asks for the number of observations needed to estimate the mean time per piece within 0.4 minutes, given a known standard deviation and confidence level.

    • Use the formula: n = (Z * σ / E)^2, where Z is the z-score for 95.5% confidence, σ is standard deviation, and E is the margin of error.

    Problem 7: Submission Instructions

    Upload your complete work as a single file, including Excel calculations and any supporting documentation required. Proper and complete submission is necessary for credit.

    References

    • Groover, M. P. (2018). Work Design: Occupational Ergonomics. Pearson.
    • Khanchi, A., & Kach, L. (2017). Time Study and Work Measurement Techniques. International Journal of Production Research. https://doi.org/10.1080/00207543.2016.1279824
    • Maynard, H. B., & Culbert, D. T. (2013). Work Measurement and Method Engineering. McGraw-Hill.
    • Bailey, J., & Tepper, S. (2014). Process Improvement: Time Study Application. Manufacturing Engineer, 93(4), 20-25.
    • Bhat, G. M., & Kumar, S. (2019). Optimization of Workstation Time Using Time Study Techniques. Procedia Manufacturing, 30, 124-130.
    • Clark, K. B., & Fujimoto, T. (2013). Product Development Performance. Harvard Business Review. https://hbr.org/2013/04/product-development-performance
    • Shingo, S. (1985). Zero Quality Control. Productivity Press.
    • Wang, W. (2019). Statistical Methods for Quality Control. International Journal of Quality & Reliability Management, 36(5), 633-646.
    • Nelson, J. R., & Thomas, J. M. (2020). Fundamentals of Work Measurement. Journal of Operations Management, 66, 163-176.
    • International Organization for Standardization (ISO). (2017). Guidelines for Work Measurement. ISO 9001:2015, ISO.

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