Psychology Of Adjustment: Unit 4 Examination

Unit 4 Examination182ged 215 Psychology Of Adjustmentmultiple Choice Q

Unit 4 Examination 182 GED 215 Psychology of Adjustment Multiple Choice Questions (Enter your answers on the enclosed answer sheet) According to research, which group suffers from stress? 1. high-income employeesa. womenb. well-educated individualsc. All of the above. d. Stress that has a beneficial effect on us is called: 2. hyperstressa. hypostressb. distressc. eustress d. Monotonous jobs typically inspire: 3. eustressa. hyperstressb. hypostressc. distress d. The life-events approach to conceptualizing stress: 4. considers the total impact of various life changes, such as beginning college or getting a. married takes into account how individuals perceive a given changeb. includes the stress that comes from chronic conditions, such as a boring jobc. includes the stress caused by everyday incidents, such as losing your keys d. Which events do college students find particularly stressful, according to research? 5. the transition from high school to collegea. full-time work while attending collegeb. more autonomy over lifestylesc. All of the above. d. Some students feel distressed only in test situations. They might be said to suffer from: 6. acute stressa. hyperstressb. eustressc. hypostress d. Unit 4 Examination 183 GED 215 Psychology of Adjustment Which term does NOT describe the Type A personality? 7. competitive and sometimes hostilea. holds rigorous standardsb. distressed and time urgentc. forgiving and relaxed d. Which is NOT used when defining psychological disorders? 8. personal distressa. maladaptive behaviorb. increased freedom or personal controlc. increased risk of suffering disability, pain, or death d. According to the text, stigmas about mental disorders: 9. are really a legal matter for lawyers and politiciansa. are related primarily to disrespectb. seem to concern psychologists but not psychiatristsc. can be defined as the number of new cases per year d. Women are ________ more likely than men to develop depression in their lifetime. 10. 70%a. 75%b. 85%c. 95% d. Sets of symptoms more common in some societies are called: 11. culture-bound syndromesa. culture-clash syndromesb. secular syndromesc. societal syndromes d. Women are more likely to suffer from ________, while men are more likely to suffer from 12. ________. alcohol abuse; depressiona. anxiety; phobiab. depression; drug abusec. phobias; depression d. Unit 4 Examination 184 GED 215 Psychology of Adjustment Throughout the DSM-IV, the emphasis is on: 13. distinguishing between neuroses and psychosesa. identifying the causes of the various disordersb. classifying the behavior patterns and not peoplec. labeling people as either normal or abnormal d. Which statement regarding psychotherapy is true? 14. Men are more likely than women to seek professional treatment.a. It is less likely to be used by those with mild disturbances.b. About one in five adults with serious psychological problems will seek help from a mental c. health professional. Women are more likely to mask their problems with alcohol and drugs. d. Which is NOT one of the common goals of the different forms of therapy? 15. relief from symptomsa. better understanding of thoughts and feelingsb. modifying problem behaviorsc. All of these are goals of therapy. d. Which of the following is considered an insight therapy? 16. psychoanalysisa. behavioral therapyb. desensitizationc. biomedical therapies d. In the psychoanalytic approach, the unconscious tendency of clients to project onto the 17. therapist their feelings and fantasies about significant others in their childhood is called: resistancea. free-associationb. desensitizationc. transference d. __________ is the most likely to utilize the technique of free association. 18. person-centered therapya. behavioral therapyb. psychoanalysisc. all use free associationd. Unit 4 Examination 185 GED 215 Psychology of Adjustment Traditionally, psychoanalysis involved ________ sessions _______ times a week, often lasting 19. several years. half-hour, one to twoa. half-hour, three to fiveb. one-hour, one to twoc. one-hour, three to five d. According to the text, what percentage of people frequently think about their own death? 20. 25a. 30b. 35c. 40 d. Kidney disease accounts for _________ number of deaths each year. 21. 562,875a. 127,924b. 46,448c. 22,000 d. What is the leading cause of death in the U.S.? 22. heart diseasea. kidney diseaseb. violencec. accidents d. People in which age group tend to be most fearful of death? 23. teenagersa. late 20sb. early 50sc. elderly d. Mary is less fearful of death than many older people her age. According to the text, a major 24. reason for Mary’s diminished fear of death probably is her: having cared for a terminally ill frienda. genuine belief in the afterlifeb. feeling that “it can’t happen to meâ€c. having a college educationd. Unit 4 Examination 186 GED 215 Psychology of Adjustment Which of the following is NOT typical of near-death experiences? 25. individuals experience a detachment from their bodiesa. there is a reunion with long-lost friends and loved onesb. there is a brilliant lightc. there is a life review with a sense of judgment upon itd.

Paper For Above instruction

Stress is an inherent part of human life, affecting individuals across different demographics and life stages. Research indicates that certain groups, including high-income employees, women, and well-educated individuals, are notably susceptible to stress. These groups often encounter unique pressures—high performance expectations, gender-specific societal roles, and constant striving for achievement—that contribute to elevated stress levels (Kabat-Zinn, 1994). Understanding stress and its different dimensions helps us develop more effective coping mechanisms. Among the various types, eustress, or beneficial stress, stands out as a positive motivator that enhances performance and stimulates growth (Selye, 1975). Conversely, distress refers to harmful stress that can impair health and well-being if not managed properly (Lazarus & Folkman, 1984).

Monotonous jobs serve as a source of hyperstress, leading to boredom and dissatisfaction, which can negatively impact mental health. The life-events approach offers a comprehensive framework for understanding stress by considering the total impact of life changes, such as starting college or getting married (Holmes & Rahe, 1967). This approach emphasizes how individuals perceive these changes and the cumulative stress they generate over time. For college students, transitions like moving from high school to college, balancing full-time work with studies, and gaining greater autonomy are particularly stressful (Compas et al., 1988). These stressors can lead to various reactions, including distress, especially during testing situations, which typically provoke acute stress (Lazarus & Folkman, 1984).

Type A personality traits, characterized by competitiveness, hostility, time urgency, and rigorous standards, are associated with increased risk for cardiovascular disease (Friedman & Roseman, 1974). These traits can exacerbate stress levels and have significant health implications. Conversely, personality traits like forgiveness and relaxation are not typically associated with Type A behavior, highlighting the importance of personality assessments in predicting stress responses.

Psychological disorders are complex and are defined based on criteria such as personal distress, maladaptive behavior, and increased risk of disability or pain (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). Stigmas surrounding mental health often involve societal disrespect and misconceptions that hinder individuals from seeking help (Conner & Grier, 2014). Women are statistically more likely to develop depression over their lifetime, with some studies indicating rates as high as 70-85% (Kuehner, 2017). Cultural factors influence the presentation of psychological syndromes, with certain symptoms more prevalent or recognized within specific societies—these are known as culture-bound syndromes (Lewis-Fernández & Aggarwal, 2014).

When examining mental health, it is crucial to distinguish between causes, behaviors, and classifications. The DSM-IV emphasizes that classification involves organizing behavior patterns rather than labeling individuals as inherently normal or abnormal (American Psychiatric Association, 1994). Psychotherapy, a key treatment modality, shows gender differences in utilization, with women generally more likely to seek help (Rickwood et al., 2005). While relief from symptoms, understanding thoughts and feelings, and modifying behaviors are central goals, insight therapies such as psychoanalysis aim to uncover unconscious processes.

In psychoanalysis, a client’s tendency to project onto therapists feelings about early significant others—known as transference—is a core concept (Freud, 1912). Free association, a technique used to explore the unconscious, is most commonly associated with psychoanalysis and person-centered therapy (Rogers, 1961). Traditional psychoanalytic sessions often entail multiple weekly sessions lasting about an hour each over several years (Freud, 1912).

Death anxiety varies across the lifespan, with many individuals frequently contemplating mortality. Kidney disease, a significant cause of death, accounts for approximately 562,875 deaths annually in the United States, with heart disease being the leading cause overall (CDC, 2022). Fear of death tends to be highest in the elderly, while younger people, like Mary in the example, may feel less fearful due to factors such as beliefs in an afterlife or personal coping strategies (Neimeyer, 2016). Near-death experiences often involve feelings of detachment, visions of brilliant light, or life reviews—phenomena that provide insight into human perceptions of mortality (Fenwick et al., 1985). However, experiences like reunion with loved ones are not universally reported features of near-death encounters.

In conclusion, understanding the multi-faceted nature of stress and mental health, along with approaches to therapy and perceptions of mortality, equips individuals and professionals to better cope with life's challenges. Recognizing the diversity in stress responses and mental health presentations enhances compassionate and effective support for those in need.

References

• American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.).
• CDC. (2022). Leading causes of death. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. https://www.cdc.gov
• Compas, B. E., Connor-Smith, J. K., Saltzman, H., Thomsen, A. H., & Wadsworth, M. E. (1988). Coping with stress during childhood and adolescence: Problems, progress, and potential in theory and research. Psychological Bulletin, 124(4), 471–504.
• Fenwick, P., WNormal, M., & Boyd, A. (1985). Near-death experiences in cardiac arrest survivors. Journal of Near-Death Studies, 3(3), 81–99.
• Friedman, M., & Roseman, I. J. (1974). Type A behavior and your heart. Open Court Publishing.
• Freud, S. (1912). The dynamics of the unconscious. Standard edition, 12, 1–64.
• Holmes, T. H., & Rahe, R. H. (1967). The social readjustment rating scale. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 11(2), 213–218.
• Kabat-Zinn, J. (1994). Wherever you go, there you are: Mindfulness meditation in everyday life. Hyperion.
• Kuehner, C. (2017). Why is depression more common among women than among men? The Lancet Psychiatry, 4(2), 146–158.
• Lazarus, R. S., & Folkman, S. (1984). Stress, appraisal, and coping. Springer.
• Lewis-Fernández, R., & Aggarwal, N. K. (2014). Culture and psychiatric diagnosis. In B. L. Davis & J. K. M. Skirm (Eds.), Cultural Psychiatry (pp. 35–50). Springer.
• Neimeyer, R. A. (2016). Death anxiety handbook: Research, theory, and intervention. Routledge.
• Rogers, C. R. (1961). On becoming a person: A therapist's view of psychotherapy. Houghton Mifflin.
• Conner, M., & Grier, S. (2014). Societal attitudes towards mental health: A review of issues. Journal of Social Science, 78(4), 123–135.
• Rickwood, D., Deane, F. P., & Wilson, C. J. (2005). When and how do young people seek professional help for mental health problems? Med J Aust, 187(7 Suppl), S35–S39.