Qualitative Research Methods And Designs Readings

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Qualitative Research Methods and Designs Readings Use your Counseling Research: Quantitative, Qualitative, and Mixed Methods text to read the following: Chapter 9, "Grounded Theory Methodology," pages 115–134. Chapter 10, "Phenomenological Designs," pages 135–150. Chapter 11, "Narrative Designs," pages 151–172. Use the Capella library to read the following: Keats's 2009 article, "Multiple Text Analysis in Narrative Research: Visual, Written, and Spoken Stories of Experience," from Qualitative Research, volume 9, issue 2, pages 181–195. Moss, Gibson, and Dollarhide's 2014 article, "Professional Identity Development: A Grounded Theory of Transformational Tasks of Counselors," from Journal of Counseling and Development, volume 92, issue 1, pages 3.

Qualitative research methods are diverse and tailored to explore complex human experiences, perceptions, and social phenomena. The research designs discussed—grounded theory, phenomenological, and narrative—each serve specific purposes and employ distinct procedures that align with their respective research questions. Comparing grounded theory and phenomenological design illustrates how different qualitative approaches are used to answer different types of questions, with implications on sampling, data collection, and analysis strategies.

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Grounded theory methodology (GTM) and phenomenological design are two prominent qualitative research approaches that serve distinct but sometimes overlapping purposes in understanding human experiences. Grounded theory aims to develop a theory rooted in data, often exploring questions about processes, actions, or interactions that explain a phenomenon. For example, Moss, Gibson, and Dollarhide (2014) employed grounded theory to explore professional identity development among counselors, seeking to uncover the transformational tasks involved in this process. The research questions in GTM tend to be open-ended, asking "how" or "why" questions about social processes and organizational behaviors, which facilitate the development of a substantive theory grounded in participants’ experiences (Charmaz, 2014).

In contrast, phenomenological research seeks to understand how individuals perceive and ascribe meaning to their lived experiences concerning a specific phenomenon (Van Manen, 2016). Keats's (2009) study exemplifies this, as it explores the subjective experiences of individuals recounting their visual, written, and spoken stories of experience. These questions are often focused on “what” and “how” individuals experience and interpret phenomena, aiming to capture the essence of those experiences without necessarily developing a new theory. The emphasis lies in capturing rich, detailed descriptions and uncovering the fundamental nature of the experience.

Sampling strategies in grounded theory are purposeful and often theoretical, aiming to select participants who can provide insights into the emerging categories or theory (Bryant & Charmaz, 2016). Data collection typically involves interviews, observations, or document analysis, and data analysis proceeds through coding strategies—initial, focused, and theoretical coding—that help build categories and develop the theory. The constant comparative method is central, with data analyzed iteratively to refine categories and theorize grounded in the data.

Phenomenological studies, however, often use purposive sampling to identify individuals who have directly experienced the phenomenon of interest, ensuring participants can provide rich, detailed descriptions. Data collection is primarily through in-depth, unstructured or semi-structured interviews, with data analysis involving phenomenological reduction—identifying significant statements and coding to elucidate themes and essences of the experience (Creswell & Poth, 2018). This process emphasizes bracketing and reflection to stay true to participants’ perspectives.

Both designs integrate carefully planned data collection and systematic analysis procedures aligned with their research questions: grounded theory seeks to build explanatory theories through iterative coding, while phenomenology aims to describe and interpret lived experiences in depth. They exemplify how qualitative research design choices directly impact the approach to sampling, data collection, and analysis, ultimately shaping the insights generated about human phenomena.

References

• Bryant, A., & Charmaz, K. (2016). The SAGE handbook of grounded theory. Sage.
• Creswell, J. W., & Poth, C. N. (2018). Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five approaches. Sage publications.
• Keats, P. A. (2009). Multiple Text Analysis in Narrative Research: Visual, Written, and Spoken Stories of Experience. Qualitative Research, 9(2), 181–195.
• Van Manen, M. (2016). Phenomenology of practice: Meaning-giving methods in phenomenological research and writing. Routledge.
• Moss, J. D., Gibson, D. M., & Dollarhide, C. T. (2014). Professional identity development: A grounded theory of transformational tasks of counselors. Journal of Counseling & Development, 92(1), 3–12.