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Question 1 Correct 2.00 points out of 2.00 Flag question Question text Material remains help prehistoric archaeologists reconstruct Select one: a. human behavior b. burial sites c. garbage dumps d. written records Feedback Your answer is correct. Question 2 Correct 2.00 points out of 2.00 Flag question Question text People are biological creatures as well as rational human beings. In order to gain a complete understanding of any aspect of human behavior, the field of anthropology adopts what strategy? Select one: a. four-field approach b. ethnobiology c. cultural evolution d. physical anthropology Feedback Your answer is correct. Question 3 Correct 2.00 points out of 2.00 Flag question Question text What do we call the belief that one’s own culture or way of life is normal and natural and the practices of other people are abnormal and unnatural? Select one: a. relativism b. ethnocentrism c. holism d. "walking in their shoes" Feedback Your answer is correct. Question 4 Incorrect 0.00 points out of 2.00 Flag question Question text What type of anthropologists explore all aspects of living human culture—from war and violence to love, sexuality, and child rearing—and look at the meanings that people from all over the world place on these things? Select one: a. cultural anthropologists b. holistic anthropologists c. sociolinguists d. ethnologists Feedback Your answer is incorrect. Question 5 Correct 2.00 points out of 2.00 Flag question Question text Which discipline of anthropology studies human beings in the present and from the past through the excavation and analysis of human material artifacts? Select one: a. archaeology b. cultural anthropology c. physical anthropology d. ethnology Feedback Your answer is correct. Question 6 Incorrect 0.00 points out of 2.00 Flag question Question text Human beings have long been migrant, moving themselves, their material goods, and even ideas from one part of the world to another. What makes this process, which is now called globalization, seem so different today than in the past? Select one: a. ethnocentrism b. intensification c. increasing migration d. four-field approach Feedback Your answer is incorrect. Question 7 Correct 2.00 points out of 2.00 Flag question Question text When companies move their production facilities around the world to take advantage of cheaper labor and lower taxes, what is this called by anthropologists? Select one: a. marginal exploitation b. labor-tax compression c. flexible accumulation d. technological migration Feedback Your answer is correct. Question 8 Correct 2.00 points out of 2.00 Flag question Question text What does an anthropologist call the type of research that compares multiple communities in order to examine links between them? Select one: a. multi-sited ethnography b. globalized anthropology c. cross-linked anthropology d. bilocational fieldwork Feedback Your answer is correct. Question 9 Incorrect 0.00 points out of 2.00 Flag question Question text Humans learn culture from the people and cultural institutions that surround them. When does this occur? Select one: a. predominantly in early childhood b. primarily in cultural institutions such as clubs and colleges c. throughout their entire lives d. generally from infancy through middle school Feedback Your answer is incorrect. Question 10 Correct 2.00 points out of 2.00 Flag question Question text Family gatherings that honor particular moments in our lives—weddings, special holidays, and so forth—are often sources of tension when different family members want to “change things up.†As a facet of culture and how we learn it, this reminds us that culture is a shared experience. It also reminds us that culture is: Select one: a. constantly contested, negotiated, and changing b. has largely disappeared in human societies due to family tensions c. genetically inherited d. static in that it remains identical, consistent, and uncontested over time. Feedback Your answer is correct. Question 11 Incorrect 0.00 points out of 2.00 Flag question Question text When studying abroad, Shelby talks about the racial categories in the United States. Her new friends from Japan, Brazil, and Turkey all say her categories are incorrect. Each person has their own way of categorizing people by race. Shelby remembers from her anthropology class that racial categories are determined by: Select one: a. mental maps of reality b. genetic variations between groups c. biological differences between groups d. cultural symbols Feedback Your answer is incorrect. Question 12 Incorrect 0.00 points out of 2.00 Flag question Question text Clifford Geertz (1926–2006), who urged anthropologists to explore culture primarily as a symbolic system, felt that symbols were largely responsible for meaning. This meant that symbols and their meanings required a great deal of ________. Select one: a. collective understanding b. specificity c. interpretation d. rejection Feedback Your answer is incorrect. Question 13 Correct 2.00 points out of 2.00 Flag question Question text Which of the following is defined as the ability to create consent and agreement within a population, sometimes unconsciously, by shaping what people think is normal, natural, and possible? Select one: a. hegemony b. materialism c. consumerism d. coercion Feedback Your answer is correct. Question 14 Correct 2.00 points out of 2.00 Flag question Question text Current estimates suggest that children in the United States view almost 40,000 commercials a year. All of this is accomplished by advertising, which helps us learn how to: Select one: a. perform well in school b. best manage our personal finances c. be successful consumers d. have more friends Feedback Your answer is correct. Question 15 Correct 2.00 points out of 2.00 Flag question Question text Which of the following processes is intensifying the exchange and diffusion of people, ideas, and goods worldwide, creating more interaction and engagement among cultures? Select one: a. industrialization b. neoliberalization c. financialization d. globalization Feedback Your answer is correct. Question 16 Correct 2.00 points out of 2.00 Flag question Question text Ifeoluwa and Grace live in different countries, practice different religions, and speak different languages. However, they both like the same clothing brands and have the same favorite TV show. Their surprising similarities demonstrate the impact of: Select one: a. globalization b. stratification c. cultural norms d. unilinear cultural evolution Feedback Your answer is correct. Question 17 Incorrect 0.00 points out of 2.00 Flag question Question text Franz Boas is credited with developing the concept of cultural relativism. What specific perspective made cultural relativism radical at that time? Select one: a. applying an ethnocentric perspective to studying different cultures b. viewing cultures exclusively through comparative ethnology c. taking each culture as a variation of unilineal evolution d. understanding each culture on its own unique merits Feedback Your answer is incorrect. Question 18 Correct 2.00 points out of 2.00 Flag question Question text What term describes ethnographers’ awareness that they should engage in critical self-examination regarding the role they play in the research process? Select one: a. confidentiality b. relativity c. reflexivity d. polyvocality Feedback Your answer is correct. Question 19 Incorrect 0.00 points out of 2.00 Flag question Question text Two different anthropologists write about the same people at different times. The first makes detailed field notes and conducts surveys. The second does not conduct surveys, but talks to many people in the field and takes good notes. When they publish their results, the first anthropologist’s book has every single detail of the research, and the second does not. We might consider the second book to be polyvocal because: Select one: a. there is no actual survey data in the book. b. it uses selective accounts of the informants to tell the whole story. c. the voices of the informants are used to describe the ethnographer’s personal perspective. d. it includes many voices from the people interviewed Feedback Your answer is incorrect. Question 20 Correct 2.00 points out of 2.00 Flag question Question text Imagine thousands of people, all screaming, yelling, and drinking, while a smaller group in the center area fight over the remains of a dead pig. If it were part of the research described in Horace Miner’s interpretations of Nacirema culture, this might be seen as significant in anthropological terms because it: Select one: a. helps to understand how ethnographic accounts are interpretations b. demonstrates the tastes of a large population toward pork consumption. c. illustrates mass ritual effectively. d. affords a window into the nature of spectacle. Feedback Your answer is correct. Question 21 Correct 2.00 points out of 2.00 Flag question Question text An anthropologist conducts ethnographic research on the lives of undocumented immigrant families. How might the anthropologist justify publishing intimate and potentially incriminating details about the subjects? Select one: a. The anthropologist will violate the “do no harm†mandate unless the research is published. b. The researcher obtained informed consent and ensured the anonymity of the subjects. c. All of the poor must be given an equal voice, and publishing ethnographic research is the most useful way to accomplish this. d. The anthropologist must publish the results to help stop illegal immigration. Feedback Your answer is correct. Question 22 Incorrect 0.00 points out of 2.00 Flag question Question text How would you describe the problems pertaining to the vulnerability of research subjects involved in a study of Facebook groups? Select one: a. The study population might be self-selecting, and therefore nonrepresentative. b. The researcher would not be able to establish meaningful connections. c. The participants would not have anonymity. d. The population would not have the chance to say things in their own words. Feedback Your answer is incorrect. Question 23 Incorrect 0.00 points out of 2.00 Flag question Question text Increased migration has led anthropologists to conduct different types of ethnographic research, collecting data in two or more locations. What type of ethnography is this? Select one: a. multi-sited b. public c. reflexive d. extensive Feedback Your answer is incorrect. Question 24 Correct 2.00 points out of 2.00 Flag question Question text Once arriving at a new site for ethnographic research, your curiosity leads you to spend large amounts of time walking through the small village complex where you live. What useful ethnographic information do you discover in doing this? Select one: a. who the most friendly people in the area are b. how the history of the village developed over time c. who in the village likes to sit around drinking at night d. spatial awareness of where people live Feedback Your answer is correct.

Paper For Above instruction

Prehistoric archaeology relies heavily on material remains to decipher past human behaviors and societal structures. These remains—such as tools, pottery, and burial sites—are crucial for reconstructing aspects of human life that predate written records. Through careful analysis of such artifacts, archaeologists can infer patterns of activity, social organization, and cultural practices of ancient populations, thus helping us understand the context and development of early human societies.

Anthropology employs a holistic approach that integrates biological, archaeological, cultural, and linguistic perspectives to gain a comprehensive understanding of human behavior. This approach recognizes that humans are both biological entities and rational social beings, and that these facets are interconnected. By combining these diverse perspectives, anthropologists can analyze human life across different contexts and time periods, achieving a more complete understanding of social phenomena and cultural diversity.

Ethnocentrism—the tendency to view one's own culture as the norm and natural—is a widespread human bias that influences perceptions of other cultures. It can hinder objective understanding and promote stereotypes. Conversely, cultural relativism advocates for understanding cultures on their own terms, without ethnocentric bias. Recognizing that cultural practices emerge from unique historical and social contexts encourages anthropologists to appreciate diversity and avoid ethnocentric judgments.

Cultural anthropologists conduct ethnographic research to explore all aspects of human culture, including social behaviors, rituals, and daily routines. They seek to understand the meanings that different societies assign to various practices—ranging from violence to love and child-rearing—by immersing themselves and engaging with local communities. This comprehensive approach helps uncover the underlying values and social structures that shape human experience worldwide.

Archaeology studies human origins and past societies through the excavation and analysis of artifacts and material remains. It provides insights into ancient lifestyles, settlement patterns, and cultural developments, bridging the gap between prehistoric and historical periods. This discipline enables archaeologists to uncover the social, economic, and ideological aspects of past civilizations, contributing vital knowledge to our understanding of human history.

The process of globalization, characterized by increased migration and intercultural exchange, is different today due to the scale and speed of interconnectedness, primarily driven by technological advancements and economic integration. Unlike in the past, when migrations were slower and more localized, contemporary globalization involves rapid, large-scale movement of people, goods, and ideas, profoundly impacting societies worldwide.

Flexible accumulation describes a strategy whereby companies move production facilities across regions to exploit cheaper labor and lower taxes. Anthropologists analyze this phenomenon to understand economic globalization's effects on labor practices, cultural adaptation, and social inequality. This process often involves temporary or mobile forms of work that challenge traditional notions of employment and economic stability.

Multi-sited ethnography is a research method that compares multiple communities across different locations to explore links and interactions among them. This approach allows anthropologists to analyze how cultural practices, economic activities, and social networks operate across diverse settings, providing a broader understanding of global and localized influences on human behavior.

Learning culture occurs throughout an individual's life, shaped by ongoing interactions within families, communities, and institutions. While early childhood is critical for initial cultural imitation, continuous social engagement ensures the transmission and transformation of cultural knowledge over time, reflecting the dynamic and adaptable nature of human societies.

Family gatherings reinforce the shared nature of culture, which is not static but contested and negotiated over time. These social events highlight how cultural meanings and practices are dynamic, constantly reshaped by participants' interactions, conflicts, and evolving perspectives—demonstrating that culture is a living, adaptable process.

Racial categories are culturally constructed, not based solely on biological differences. Variations in racial classification across societies, and differing personal perspectives, illustrate that race is a social symbol—that is, a cultural construct shaped by historical, political, and social contexts rather than straightforward biological distinctions.

Clifford Geertz emphasized the importance of symbols in human culture, asserting that understanding cultural symbols and their meanings requires careful interpretation. This interpretative process involves collective understanding, context-specific analysis, and ongoing dialogue among anthropologists and community members.

Hegemony, as defined by Antonio Gramsci, is the ability of dominant groups to create consent and acceptance of their power by shaping societal norms, beliefs, and perceptions—often unconsciously—thus maintaining social order and authority.

Advertising exposes children to a vast array of commercial messages, teaching them implicit lessons on consumer behavior, brand loyalty, and social identity. These lessons influence their perceptions of success, belonging, and social standing, shaping consumer habits from a young age.

Globalization is a process that intensifies the exchange of people, ideas, and goods worldwide, creating greater interaction among cultures. This ongoing process fosters interconnectedness and cultural hybridization, impacting identities, economies, and social relations across the globe.

The similarities between Ifeoluwa and Grace across countries and languages demonstrate globalization's role in creating shared consumer cultures and media influences that transcend local cultural boundaries, emphasizing interconnectedness despite linguistic and religious differences.

Franz Boas challenged the concept of unilineal cultural evolution, which posited that cultures evolve through a fixed sequence of stages. Boas argued that cultures develop in diverse ways based on unique historical and environmental circumstances, advocating for cultural relativism and a non-hierarchical view of cultural progress.

The concept of reflexivity involves ethnographers critically examining their own roles, biases, and impacts during research. This self-awareness helps ensure their findings are credible and ethically sound, acknowledging their influence on the research process and outcomes.

Polyvocality in ethnography refers to incorporating many voices—particularly those of community members—into research outputs. It emphasizes the importance of representing multiple perspectives to provide a richer, more authentic account of the studied culture.

Horace Miner’s interpretations of Nacirema culture serve as a critique of ethnographic descriptions that appear exotic or primitive but reveal underlying cultural norms and behaviors. His work illustrates how ethnographic accounts can be interpretive tools that reflect the human tendency to seek meaning in spectacle and ritual.

In conducting ethnographic research on undocumented immigrant families, obtaining informed consent and ensuring anonymity are essential. These practices protect participants’ privacy and dignity, and uphold ethical standards by preventing harm and respecting their rights.

Studying Facebook groups involves understanding the vulnerability of subjects, especially regarding privacy and confidentiality. Participants may unwittingly share sensitive information, risking exposure. Ethical research must address these issues by securing data and respecting participants’ autonomy.

Multi-sited ethnography involves collecting data across multiple locations to understand how cultures and social processes are interconnected globally. This approach interprets complex phenomena like migration, trade, and information exchange across different communities.

Fieldwork often begins with simple, observational activities like walking through a community, which provides valuable spatial, social, and cultural insights. This method helps researchers understand how space influences social interactions and community structure, enriching their ethnographic understanding.

References

• Boas, F. (1911). The Mind of Primitive Man. The Macmillan Company.
• Geertz, C. (1973). The Interpretation of Cultures. Basic Books.
• Gramsci, A. (1971). Selections from the Prison Notebooks. Q. Hoare & G. N. Smith (Eds.).
• Miner, H. (1956). Body Ritual among the Nacirema. American Anthropologist, 58(3), 503–507.
• Schneider, D. M. (1968). American Kinship: A Cultural Approach. University of Chicago Press.
• Ashmore, W., & Delaney, D. (2001). Interpreting Culture: Texts, Contexts, Pedagogies. Routledge.
• Haraway, D. (1988). Situated Knowledges: The Science Question in Feminism and the Privilege of Partial Perspective. Feminist Studies, 14(3), 575–599.
• Appadurai, A. (1996). Modernity at Large: Cultural Dimensions of Globalization. University of Minnesota Press.