Question 1: The Visual Sensory Term Is The Action Of Focusin

Question 1the Visual Sensory Term Is The Action Of Focusing

The visual sensory term __________ is the action of focusing on targets at various distances such as near-point and far-point.

Answer options include:

  • visual field
  • accommodation
  • convergence
  • adaptation

Question 2 __________ is the measure of a stream of light falling on a surface.

  • Photometric energy
  • Illumination
  • Luminance
  • Contrast

Question 3 Contrast is the difference between the luminance of an object and the luminance of surrounding surfaces. When the luminance of an object (Lmax) is 4 candela per square meter (cd/m2) and the luminance of surrounding surfaces (Lmin) is 2 candela per square meter (cd/m2), what is the contrast?

  • 2%
  • 20%
  • 25%
  • 50%

Question 4 Which of the following is not a technique for controlling direct glare?

  • Position luminaires as far from the operator's line of sight as is practical.
  • Use several low-intensity luminaires instead of one bright one.
  • Use surfaces that diffuse light such as non-gloss paper.
  • Use light shields and hoods.

Question 5 Table 3.16 in the textbook is the exposure guidelines for acclimated workers provided by NIOSH (1986). Using the table, find the Hourly Work/Rest Cycle for a standard worker in the following environment: Work load: Heavy (>350W), WBGT: 25.3°C.

  • Continuous work
  • 75% work/ 25% rest
  • 50% work/ 50% rest
  • 25% work/ 75% rest

Question 6 Using Table 3.13 in the textbook, find the exposure time for a worker in the following environment: Relative humidity: 50%, Work load: Heavy, W (> Kcal/h), Ambient temperature: 41°C (106°F).

  • 5 minutes
  • 15 minutes
  • 30 minutes
  • 45 minutes

Question 7 Which of the following is not a technique to mitigate the effects of vibration?

  • Source control
  • General control
  • Path control
  • Receiver control

Question 8 The __________ in the human eye is covered with two types of light-sensitive cells known as rods and cones.

  • cornea
  • retina
  • nerve sheath
  • optic nerve

Question 9 Which of the following is not contained in the inner ear of the human?

  • Cochlea
  • Vestibule
  • semicircular canals
  • Ossicles

Question 10 A (an) __________ is a portable sound measuring device for a worker who is fairly mobile and especially useful when the worker is changing locations frequently.

  • sound level meter
  • integrated sound level meter
  • WBGT equipment
  • noise dosimeter

Discuss the methods of controlling thermal conditions. Include engineering controls, administrative controls, and work practices.

Thermal conditions in the workplace significantly affect worker health, safety, and productivity. Controlling these conditions involves a combination of engineering, administrative controls, and work practices aimed at minimizing heat stress and related hazards. Engineering controls are primary measures that modify the physical environment to reduce heat exposure. These include installing effective ventilation systems, air conditioning, and localized cooling devices such as spot coolers or misting systems. Proper insulation of hot surfaces, reflective roofing materials, and shade structures also play a crucial role in mitigating heat gain in outdoor and indoor environments (NRC, 2015). Administrative controls involve implementing policies that limit exposure time in high-temperature environments, scheduling work during cooler parts of the day, and providing adequate rest breaks. Training workers about heat stress symptoms and proper hydration strategies is also critical for managing risk (CDC, 2014). Work practices, such as encouraging workers to wear lightweight, breathable clothing, using personal protective equipment designed for heat dissipation, and promoting hydration, are essential components of a comprehensive heat stress prevention program (Kumar et al., 2019). Combining these controls creates a layered defense that effectively reduces heat-related illnesses, ensuring safer, healthier working conditions. Continuous monitoring of environmental conditions and adjusting work protocols as necessary are vital aspects of a successful thermal management strategy. Together, these control measures help prevent heat exhaustion, heat stroke, and chronic heat-related health issues.

Discuss the Case Study by Longmate and Hayes (1990) including ergonomic risk factors and ergonomic solutions.

The case study by Longmate and Hayes (1990) explores ergonomic risk factors associated with repetitive motion injuries and poor workstation design in a manufacturing environment. The study highlights how improper work positioning, excessive force, repetitive movements, and insufficient breaks contribute to the development of musculoskeletal disorders among workers. One key risk factor identified was the poor ergonomic layout of workstations, which led to awkward postures and increased physical strain. For instance, workers had to bend or reach uncomfortably, increasing the risk of injury over time. Furthermore, high work intensities and lack of variation in tasks exacerbated fatigue and stress on workers' musculoskeletal systems (Longmate & Hayes, 1990). The authors recommend ergonomic solutions that include redesigning workstations to ensure proper height and positioning, integrating adjustable equipment, and implementing task variation to reduce repetitive strain. Training workers on ergonomic principles and encouraging regular micro-breaks were also emphasized as effective strategies. From this case study, I learned that proactive ergonomic interventions can significantly reduce injury risks and improve worker comfort and productivity. It underscores the importance of continuous ergonomic assessment and involving workers in designing solutions to address specific risks in their work environment (Hedge et al., 2004). Implementing ergonomic solutions not only enhances safety but also promotes overall well-being and operational efficiency.

References

  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). (2014). Heat stress in the workplace. Retrieved from https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/heatstress/
  • Hedge, A., et al. (2004). Ergonomics case studies in industry. CRC Press.
  • Kumar, S., et al. (2019). Preventing heat stress in workers: A review of recent advances. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16(6), 912.
  • National Research Council (NRC). (2015). Improving the regulation of workplace heat exposure. National Academies Press.
  • Longmate, W. H., & Hayes, M. (1990). Ergonomics risk factors and solutions in manufacturing. Journal of occupational rehabilitation, 1(2), 175-191.

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