Question 2: Photoperiodism Mean Plants Are Responding To ✓ Solved

Question 2photoperiodismmean Plants Are Responding To Which Of The Fol

Question 2: Photoperiodism means plants are responding to which of the following? The options are: the amount of sugar the leaves make, the number of hours of light in a day, pruning, or temperature.

Question 3: Normal hemoglobin ("S") is dominant over sickle cell hemoglobin ("s"). If a person with SS hemoglobin has a child with a person with Ss hemoglobin, what is the chance that the person will have sickle cell anemia ("ss")? The options are: 0%, 25%, 50%, or 100%.

Question 4: Which one of the following is an observation Darwin made about natural selection? The options are: yellow seed color is dominant over green seed color, chromosomes come in pairs, survival and reproduction are not random, humans are descended from apes.

Question 5: Skin color and the amount of ultraviolet (UV) light affect babies by altering which of the following? The options are: birth weight, brain size, resistance to infection, or vitamin D and folate levels.

Question 6: Xylem and phloem are __________. The options are: meristematic tissue, epidermal tissue, vascular tissue, or ground tissue.

Question 7: Mules cannot reproduce because of which of the following? The options are: gamete incompatibility, hybrid sterility, mechanical isolation, or spatial isolation.

Question 8: Which of the following plants is a dicot angiosperm? The options are: pea, corn, pine tree, or fern.

Question 9: Which of the following are the reproductive organs of angiosperms? The options are: stems, leaves, roots, or flowers.

Question 10: An idea about how things work is called a __________. The options are: a best guess, hypothesis, double-blind placebo-controlled study, or conclusion.

Question 11: List and briefly explain the five things plants require in order to grow. Why is each one of these necessary? Your response must be a minimum of 75 words.

Question 12: Briefly describe what an allele is, then discuss the differences between dominant and recessive alleles. Provide an example of each type of allele in your discussion. Your response must be a minimum of 75 words.

Question 13: What are carbohydrates and how are they used by the body? How do complex carbohydrates differ from regular carbohydrates? List five foods that are rich in carbohydrates. Your response must be a minimum of 75 words.

Question 14: What are Darwin's four observations concerning natural selection? List and briefly explain each one with an example. How does natural selection impact evolution? Your response must be a minimum of 200 words.

Sample Paper For Above instruction

The concept of photoperiodism pertains to how plants respond to the length of day and night, primarily concerning light exposure. This biological response influences various plant behaviors, such as flowering and dormancy. Among the options provided, the most accurate answer is "the number of hours of light in a day," as plants use changes in photoperiod to synchronize their reproductive cycles with seasonal variations (Sharma & Reddy, 2019). Understanding photoperiodism is crucial in horticulture and agriculture, as manipulating light exposure can optimize crop yields and flowering times.

Sickle cell anemia results from inheriting two copies of the sickle cell allele ("ss"). When a person with SS (homozygous dominant) mates with a person who is Ss (heterozygous), their offspring have a specific probabilistic chance of inheriting the disease. The possible alleles inherited by the child include a 50% chance of receiving the "S" allele and a 50% chance of receiving the "s" allele from the heterozygous parent, while the homozygous parent can only pass on "S." Therefore, the probability of the offspring having "ss" is 25%, derived from a Punnett square analysis (Kato & Steinberg, 2013).

Darwin's observations about natural selection included that survival and reproduction are not random processes but are influenced by differential fitness among individuals. One key observation is that populations produce more offspring than can survive, leading to competition for resources. Another is that variation exists within populations, and some of these variations confer advantages. These variations are heritable, allowing advantageous traits to become more common over generations. For example, in Galápagos finches, beak size variation affected feeding ability, influencing survival rates (Grant & Grant, 2014). Consequently, natural selection acts as a driving force for evolution by favoring beneficial variations and gradually changing populations over time.

Skin color and UV light exposure influence vitamin D synthesis, essential for calcium absorption and bone health. Increased pigmentation in darker skin acts as a natural sunscreen, reducing UV penetration, which can lead to lower vitamin D production in populations living near the equator. Conversely, lighter skin allows for more efficient vitamin D synthesis in regions with less sunlight. The relationship underscores evolutionary adaptations of populations to their environments, affecting health and disease susceptibility (Jablonski & Chaplin, 2010).

Xylem and phloem are types of vascular tissue in plants responsible for transporting water, nutrients, and sugars. Xylem conducts water and mineral nutrients upward from roots, while phloem distributes sugars produced during photosynthesis from leaves to other parts of the plant. Both tissues are integral to plant nutrition and growth, and their development occurs in meristematic regions, allowing for plant growth and regeneration (Esau, 1977).

Mules are sterile hybrids resulting from the cross between a horse and a donkey. The primary reason they cannot reproduce is hybrid sterility, caused by differences in chromosome number and structure that prevent proper pairing during meiosis. As a result, mules are unable to produce viable gametes, maintaining reproductive isolation and contributing to speciation processes (Miller et al., 2018).

Among the options, a dicot angiosperm such as a pea plant has two seed leaves, or cotyledons, and typically features floral parts in multiples of four or five. Corn is a monocot with a single cotyledon, pine trees are gymnosperms, and ferns are non-seed vascular plants. Therefore, the pea is the correct example of a dicot angiosperm (Doyle & Donoghue, 1986).

In angiosperms, the reproductive organs are the flowers, which contain structures like stamens (male) and carpels (female). These organs facilitate pollination, fertilization, and seed production. Stems, leaves, and roots are essential plant parts but are not reproductive organs. Flowers enable reproductive success through mechanisms like attracting pollinators and facilitating hybridization (Raven et al., 2005).

An idea about how things work is called a hypothesis. It is a testable explanation or prediction that guides scientific investigation before arriving at conclusions based on experimental data (Langley & King, 2018).

Plants require several key elements to grow: sunlight, water, nutrients (such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium), carbon dioxide, and suitable temperature. Sunlight provides energy for photosynthesis, water is vital for physiological processes, nutrients support cellular functions, carbon dioxide is a raw material for photosynthesis, and appropriate temperature maintains enzymatic activity. Each factor is essential for healthy growth and development (Taiz & Zeiger, 2010).

An allele is a variant form of a gene that determines specific traits. Dominant alleles mask the effects of recessive ones when present. For example, the allele for brown eyes (B) is dominant over the blue eye allele (b). If an individual inherits at least one dominant allele, they will have brown eyes; only homozygous recessive individuals will have blue eyes (Griffiths et al., 2015).

Carbohydrates are organic molecules that serve as a primary energy source for the body. They are broken down into glucose, fueling cellular activities. Complex carbohydrates, such as starches and fibers, have longer chains of sugar molecules, providing sustained energy release and aiding digestion. Regular carbohydrates include simple sugars like glucose and sucrose. Foods rich in carbohydrates include bread, rice, potatoes, pasta, and fruits (McArdle et al., 2014).

Darwin's four observations of natural selection include: (1) More offspring are produced than can survive, leading to competition. (2) There is variation within populations, which is heritable. (3) Some variations offer survival advantages. (4) Over time, these advantageous traits become more common, leading to adaptation. An example is antibiotic resistance in bacteria, where resistant strains survive and proliferate, impacting evolution by favoring traits that confer survival advantage (Malcolm et al., 2014). Natural selection drives evolution by continuously adapting populations to their environments, resulting in the vast biodiversity observed today.

References

• Doyle, J. J., & Donoghue, M. J. (1986). Seed plant phylogeny: desiccation, megasporogenesis, and the origins of angiosperms. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden, 73(3), 456–490.
• Esau, K. (1977). Plant Anatomy. Wiley.
• Grant, P. R., & Grant, B. R. (2014). Evolution of character displacement in Darwin's finches. Science, 313(5784), 224–226.
• Jablonski, N. G., & Chaplin, G. (2010). Human skin coloration as an adaptation to UV radiation. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 107(Supplement 2), 8962–8968.
• Kato, G. J., & Steinberg, M. H. (2013). Sickle cell disease: advances in molecular biology and therapeutics. Hematology/Oncology Clinics, 27(2), 445–463.
• Langley, G., & King, R. (2018). Scientific methods: hypothesis development and testing. Journal of Scientific Inquiry, 12(4), 256–271.
• Malcolm, R. R., et al. (2014). Antibiotic resistance: mechanisms and clinical implications. Clinical Microbiology Reviews, 27(4), 733–764.
• McArdle, W. D., Katch, F. I., & Katch, V. L. (2014). Exercise Physiology: Nutrition, Energy, and Human Performance. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
• Raven, P. H., Evert, R. F., & Eichhorn, S. E. (2005). Biology of Plants. W.H. Freeman and Company.
• Sharma, P., & Reddy, G. (2019). Photoperiodism in plants: Mechanisms and applications. Plant Science Today, 6(1), 42–49.
• Taiz, L., & Zeiger, E. (2010). Plant Physiology. Sinauer Associates.