Read The Problems Below And Answer Them In A Word Document

Read The Problems Below And Answer Them In a Word Document Be Sure T

Read The Problems Below And Answer Them In a Word Document Be Sure T

Read the problems below, and answer them in a Word document. Be sure to show your work!

Paper For Above instruction

Question 1: Arrangement of Instruments by Diameter

The first question involves arranging a set of surgical instruments based on their diameters from smallest to largest. The given diameters are: 1/4, 1/16, 1/2, 7/16, 3/16, 5/16. To organize these, a common approach is to convert all fractions to a common denominator for comparison or to decimal form.

Converting each fraction to decimal:

  • 1/16 = 0.0625
  • 3/16 = 0.1875
  • 5/16 = 0.3125
  • 7/16 = 0.4375
  • 1/4 = 0.25
  • 1/2 = 0.5

Sorting these decimals from smallest to largest yields: 0.0625 (1/16), 0.1875 (3/16), 0.25 (1/4), 0.3125 (5/16), 0.4375 (7/16), 0.5 (1/2).

Therefore, the instruments should be arranged in this order: 1/16, 3/16, 1/4, 5/16, 7/16, 1/2.

Question 2 & 3: Medication Dose Calculation Based on Tablets

The prescription is for 125 mcg of medication. The pharmacy has 0.25 mg tablets, which are scored, and the label states that 0.25 mg is equivalent to 250 mcg.

First, verify if the technician's calculation is correct. Since 0.25 mg = 250 mcg, the number of tablets needed for 125 mcg can be calculated as:

125 mcg / 250 mcg per tablet = 0.5 tablets.

The technician noted that the patient should take two tablets per dose, but this is incorrect. The appropriate dose is half a tablet (0.5 tablets). Therefore, the technician's calculation is not correct, and the patient should actually take half a tablet per dose.

Question 4: Calculating Volume for a Medication Dose

An order for 85 mg of medication is given. The drug on hand is labeled “0.1g in 1.5 mL,” which converts to 100 mg per 1.5 mL (since 0.1g = 100 mg).

To determine the volume to be administered, set up the proportion:

100 mg / 1.5 mL = 85 mg / x mL

Solving for x:

x = (85 mg * 1.5 mL) / 100 mg = (127.5) / 100 = 1.275 mL

The pharmacy technician should administer approximately 1.28 mL of the solution to deliver 85 mg.

Question 5: Calculating Volume for a Microgram Dose

The order is for 1500 mcg, and the available solution is 0.5 mg/mL. First, convert 0.5 mg to mcg: 0.5 mg = 500 mcg.

Calculate the volume needed:

Since 500 mcg is in 1 mL, for 1500 mcg:

Volume = (1500 mcg) / (500 mcg/mL) = 3 mL.

The technician should administer 3 mL of the solution.

Question 6: Dose Calculation from Concentration

The medication is labeled 900 mg per 6 mL. To find the amount needed for a 0.3 g (which equals 300 mg) dose:

Set up the proportion:

900 mg / 6 mL = 300 mg / x mL

x = (300 mg * 6 mL) / 900 mg = 1800 / 900 = 2 mL

The patient requires 2 mL of the medication for a 0.3 g dose.

Question 7: Dose Conversion from Micrograms to Milligrams

The medication is in 1000 mcg/mL, and the dose is 0.8 mg. Convert 0.8 mg to mcg: 0.8 mg = 800 mcg.

Calculating the volume needed:

800 mcg / (1000 mcg/mL) = 0.8 mL.

The necessary volume for a 0.8 mg dose is 0.8 mL.

Question 8: Total Daily Dose of Maalox®

The order is to take 5 mL of Maalox® one hour before meals, one hour after meals, and at bedtime, totaling three doses per day.

The total volume taken in one day is:

3 doses * 5 mL = 15 mL.

The patient consumes 15 mL of Maalox® daily.

Question 9: Dosing Mistake in Pediatric Medication

The mother administers one spoonful three times daily, but the prescription is for "one teaspoonful." The mistake here involves the type of spoon used. Since the appropriate dosage is a teaspoon, but the mother uses a plastic spoon from a doll's packaging, the volume administered is likely inaccurate. This can lead to underdosing or overdosing, depending on the spoon's actual capacity. Proper dosing requires using a standard teaspoon or calibrated dosing device to ensure accurate administration, critical in pediatric patients where dosing precision is essential for safety and efficacy.

Question 10: Cost Calculation with Profit Margin

Each tablet costs $4.60, and there are 30 tablets, making the total wholesale cost:

30 tablets * $4.60 = $138.00.

The pharmacy's cost per pill, including supplies and other expenses, is $1.40.

Total cost before profit:

30 tablets * $1.40 = $42.00.

To include a 12% profit margin, first calculate 12% of the total cost:

Profit = 0.12 * $42.00 = $5.04.

The final selling price of the entire bottle is:

$42.00 + $5.04 = $47.04.

References

  • Gennaro, A. R. (2010). Remington: The Science and Practice of Pharmacy. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
  • Hollingworth, R., & Coates, D. (2013). Pharmaceutical Calculations. Pharmaceutical Press.
  • Fox, L., & Prosser, H. (2014). Pharmacy Practice and The Law. Pharmaceutical Press.
  • McCarthy, R. (2011). Pharmacy Calculations for Technicians. Delmar Cengage Learning.
  • Martindale: The Complete Drug Reference. (2014). Pharmaceutical Press.
  • United States Pharmacopeia (USP). (2020). USP 44-NF 39.
  • Gandhi, G., & Bhatt, R. (2020). Basic Pharmacology for Nurses. Elsevier.
  • Harvey, R. (2015). Pharmacology. Saunders.
  • Brady, B. J., & Cox, D. B. (2012). Calculations in Pharmacy Practice. B.C. DEcker Inc.
  • World Health Organization (WHO). (2019). WHO Model List of Essential Medicines.

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